tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1409084190101747622024-03-23T03:19:24.666-07:00Dr. Lalit SetiaI have posted Study Material, Notes, Lessons, Articles, Exam Notes, documents for the learners including trainees and students in various subjects of Commerce, Management, Information Technology, Business, Research, and Entertainment.
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Entirely free services to get benefited. Free support.Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.comBlogger144125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-12635447092757753092023-11-26T00:17:00.000-08:002023-11-26T00:17:57.842-08:00Dr. Lalit Setia CVMrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-81572013806352254002023-04-03T02:53:00.002-07:002023-04-03T02:53:26.420-07:00Feedback Form<p> <a href="https://forms.gle/ZA8QKhJurzPXaY8m8" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;">https://forms.gle/ZA8QKhJurzPXaY8m8</span></a></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-59955194375375223312022-01-29T19:53:00.005-08:002023-09-03T06:26:02.419-07:00Taking Bribes and Vigilance Bureau<h2 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Taking Bribes and Vigilance Bureau</span></b></h2>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">-Lalit Kumar Setia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjk58cjP1GYS2GE6jCJ4T2RQfRibVyDG43fsCLbY_qUuBsWWHPxUToZo8lHAxP0ysNtNEBctU8ZPlzWE2FdHLHyjXYxwDxztgVozvxUkV9S9EchHKQPGdO7m4bHYXQKaWmE1xXckkUT7BMx1xSaeuRAM7n6zhAJKRLEpgQUnEQEXHjwxo_FuvK_59d7=s1748" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Taking Bribes and Vigilance Bureau" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjk58cjP1GYS2GE6jCJ4T2RQfRibVyDG43fsCLbY_qUuBsWWHPxUToZo8lHAxP0ysNtNEBctU8ZPlzWE2FdHLHyjXYxwDxztgVozvxUkV9S9EchHKQPGdO7m4bHYXQKaWmE1xXckkUT7BMx1xSaeuRAM7n6zhAJKRLEpgQUnEQEXHjwxo_FuvK_59d7=w400-h284" title="Taking Bribes and Vigilance Bureau" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Demarcation of farming land by Kanoongo</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">In
newspapers, most of the time, there is news of catching an employee red-handed
taking of bribe by the Vigilance Bureau. For example, a Kanoongo caught red-handed while accepting illegal gratification of an amount of money. The
Vigilance Bureau in its raid nabs the employee after getting any complaint from
any citizen who has been asked by the employee to give a bribe. In news, it is
found that the employee asked for a bribe for doing any work, he is authorized to
do at his seat in office. For example, the Kanoongo is authorized for
demarcating farming land and he is caught for accepting bribes in lieu of
demarcation of farmland. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">It's our pleasure to do an addition to the knowledge of others, yesterday the training inputs on </span><span style="color: #111b21; font-size: x-large;">*</span><b style="font-size: x-large;">Pensionary Benefits</b><span style="color: #111b21; font-size: x-large;">*</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> and </span><span style="color: #111b21; font-size: x-large;">*</span><b style="font-size: x-large;">e-Procurement</b><span style="color: #111b21; font-size: x-large;">*</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> made the learners get an exposure to potential irregularities and how to deal the files as per latest Government instructions.</span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Deployment of Contractual Persons Policy using HKRNL, Administrative and Financial Vigilance, and more training inputs are new additions, for every government employee in the future courses.</div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/deployment-of-contractual-persons.html" target="_blank">https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/deployment-of-contractual-persons.html</a> </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Compensation for the damaged crop by a Revenue officer</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
Government in Revenue Department in every season whenever the crops are damaged
due to natural calamities provides compensation to the farmers in lieu of
damaged crops. In December 2019, the State Vigilance Bureau caught red-handed a
Patwari, demanding and taking a bribe of Rs. 20 thousand for transferring the
money of compensation in the account of a farmer<span face="Calibri, sans-serif">.</span> In a village Pauli of Jind District, as per Government rules, a farmer was
supposed to get Rs. 40 thousand for the compensation in lieu of damaged crop
during the year 2017-18. The Government sent the amount to the Revenue Department
and the patwari who was authorized to transfer the money in the account of a farmer, demanded Rs. 20 thousand from the farmer. The farmer complaint to the
State Vigilance Bureau (SVB).<o:p></o:p></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>How Vigilance Bureau worked?</b></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">As Duty
Magistrate, the Block Development and Panchayat Officer (BDPO), Safidon, and an
inspector of State Vigilance Bureau prepare the raid for catching the patwari
red-handed while accepting the bribe. An amount of Rs. 20 thousand in form of
notes, with the signature of the duty magistrate, and powder were given to the complainant
(farmer). He dialed the number of the patwari and the patwari asked him to come to
the Julana Tehsil Office. While accepting the bribe, the farmer gave the signal
to the team and the team caught the patwari red-handed.</span></p><p><b style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </b></p><p><b style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><a name="OLE_LINK26"></a><a name="OLE_LINK25"></a><a name="OLE_LINK24"></a><a name="OLE_LINK23"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">All Intellectual Property rights including Copyright etc. are reserved and vested exclusively with the author or editor, Dr. Lalit Kumar. No part of the material contained in this webpage may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, technical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature without the written permission of the author or editor, Dr. Lalit Kumar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This content is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 23rd December 2021 and last updated on 23rd December 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><p style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 48px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></p><div><div id="edn1">
</div>
</div>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-43744618448443103582021-12-27T06:27:00.002-08:002022-01-26T09:22:46.709-08:00Bogus HRA Exemptions tracked automatically<h2 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><a name="OLE_LINK2181"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Bogus HRA Exemptions tracked automatically</span></span></b></a></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit
Kumar Setia<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The statement of annual information tracks the
financial dealings of an individual with a PAN number. Like 26AS – Tax Credit
Statement, the AIS can be downloaded by logging in to the incometax.gov.in
portal. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyeLJ1wpkcKpTppdbxjn_D30DnYS0wqNQtNLNLlrVovUJfCc0KkSXrb1HtED4B_W2PMynvJPhQa5zZ1IGUMDYHxlT7yYRWNNMvhdqxowm9hmsAZo20axE5qHZQlrusF7VRgM0R4rUrMnXJ9TYWF1drHn3NM70CqhEO5mS8EME8NsUl3lbwISO9GgPz=s1004" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Bogus HRA Exemptions tracked automatically" border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="1004" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyeLJ1wpkcKpTppdbxjn_D30DnYS0wqNQtNLNLlrVovUJfCc0KkSXrb1HtED4B_W2PMynvJPhQa5zZ1IGUMDYHxlT7yYRWNNMvhdqxowm9hmsAZo20axE5qHZQlrusF7VRgM0R4rUrMnXJ9TYWF1drHn3NM70CqhEO5mS8EME8NsUl3lbwISO9GgPz=w400-h235" title="Bogus HRA Exemptions tracked automatically" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">PAN number
relating dealings are tracked automatically</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Wherever the bank account is opened, it is a must to mention the PAN number. Whenever any interest be credited in the saving or
fixed deposit bank account, it will automatically be tracked in the Annual
Information Statement (AIS). An individual has to verify only, at the time of
filing the income tax return. Similarly, the income from dividends or income
from the sale of sales, everything is connected with an account, opened with the
PAN number. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Rental
income will automatically be tracked</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The employees in the job, require to give the PAN number of
the landlord, to whom they are paying the rent. The employer while giving the
HRA exemption, requires to insert the PAN number of the landlord to whom the rent is
paid by the employee. This information will be included in the Annual Information
Statement of the person whose PAN number is provided by the employee and
submitted by the employer to the income tax department. The rental income will
automatically be mentioned in the pre-filled income tax return of the person
whose PAN number is mentioned. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Bogus HRA
exemptions will be tracked automatically</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Mr. A in Jhajjar Haryana is working in a Government job
in Gurgaon. When his drawing and disbursing officer asked him to provide the
PAN number of the landlord, for getting exemption on the HRA amount, he submitted
the name and PAN number of the landlord. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case, he is not providing the PAN number of the
landlord and the amount of monthly rent paid is above Rs. 8000 (eight thousand)
rupees, then the DDO will not give any tax exemption. The rent receipts are
required to be submitted to the DDO and even the rent agreement or declaration
is required. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Annual Information Statement of the landlord will
intimate him/her that he/she earned from the rental income and he/she has to
report the same in the income tax return. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Section
194I is particularly for TDS on rent paid</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">As per the income tax act, the individuals who are paying
monthly rent above Rs. 50 thousand, require to deduct TDS @5% at the time of
paying rent to the landlord. The TDS will be deposited by the individual using
his PAN number and it will automatically disclose the income of the landlord to
the income tax department. In case, the landlord did not report any rental
income, he/she will get a notice from the income tax department. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">False Rent
Paid Declaration may be tracked automatically</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">It is also possible that the employees mention the PAN
number of another person to the employer in the self-declaration. It is also
possible that the employees are giving fake rental receipts to the employer.
The bogus declaration of the HRA with PAN number will show the rental income
in the AIS of a genuine person. The genuine person may submit feedback on AIS
citing the amount mentioned in the pre-filled income tax return or AIS is
incorrect. In such a case, the false rent paid declaration will be tracked
automatically. </span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span></span><b style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </b></p><p><b style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><a name="OLE_LINK26"></a><a name="OLE_LINK25"></a><a name="OLE_LINK24"></a><a name="OLE_LINK23"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">All
Intellectual Property rights including Copyright etc. are reserved and vested
exclusively with the author or editor, Dr. Lalit Kumar. No part of the material
contained in this webpage may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, technical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or
stored in any retrieval system of any nature without the written permission of
the author or editor, Dr. Lalit Kumar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This content is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 23rd December 2021 and last updated on 23rd December 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><p style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 48px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-37684716708837211422021-12-23T08:51:00.003-08:002021-12-23T08:54:03.397-08:00Income Tax Deduction u/s 80GGC<h2 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Income Tax Deduction u/s 80GGC</span></span></b></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</span></span></b></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The income
tax act provides a deduction u/s 80GGC for the amount of contribution made
during the previous year, to a political party or an electoral trust. This
deduction is not available for the amount contributed by way of Cash. For
claiming deduction u/s 80GGC, the political party to whom the amount is
contributed by way other than cash should be <a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="OLE_LINK1">registered under section
29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. </a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgEMEuHeRShd3xQUIzjqDBRuOYlCW0N5XJdrmv-9MBbR3M2IJtyMc0rPwL9MDtZODHA6U9mtAYwoVg0FtOzMSzrP2FaJ0Umfi0gV6XlLjKZHHgT4oZruJI-iSW0AQvTB4ieDTVybEgQqLHn1ZJ3P0WHrVijKNOTtu_GSuqAq-qDLj8r6EdWVAbLm77B=s1004" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Income Tax Deduction u/s 80GGC" border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="1004" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgEMEuHeRShd3xQUIzjqDBRuOYlCW0N5XJdrmv-9MBbR3M2IJtyMc0rPwL9MDtZODHA6U9mtAYwoVg0FtOzMSzrP2FaJ0Umfi0gV6XlLjKZHHgT4oZruJI-iSW0AQvTB4ieDTVybEgQqLHn1ZJ3P0WHrVijKNOTtu_GSuqAq-qDLj8r6EdWVAbLm77B=w400-h235" title="Income Tax Deduction u/s 80GGC" width="400" /></a></span></span></div><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="OLE_LINK1"><br /></a></span></span><p></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="OLE_LINK1">How much % of gross earnings can be donated to the political organizations under section 80GGC</a></span></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="OLE_LINK1">As per the income tax act, an individual can donate as much as 10% of his or her gross earning to any political organization of his or her choice (reference - </a></span></span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.bankbazaar.com/tax/section-80ggc.html" target="_blank">https://www.bankbazaar.com/tax/section-80ggc.html</a>) </span></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">100% Tax Deduction is possible on the amount contributed under section 80GGC</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Yes, it is
possible that an assessee claims 100% tax deduction under section 80GGC but it
is a must donate through demand draft or cheque or any digital mode to get the
deduction. Need not to say, the total amount claimed under section 80GGC cannot
be higher than the total taxable income of an individual. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Can a person donate to multiple political parties?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
condition is only one, the political parties should be registered under section
29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. There is no limit on the
number of political parties to whom an assessee decides to contribute an amount
of donation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Documents required for getting deduction u/s 80GGC<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is worth
noting that if the donation is made to any entity which is not notified by the
income tax act to get the donations for making the donors claim deduction u/s
80G, the deduction is not admissible. Similarly, in the case of 80GGC, if the
donation is made to parties not registered under section 29A of the
Representation of the People Act, 1951, then the deduction is not admissible. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The details
of the donations are to be submitted in writing to the employer, for
incorporating it in form 16. In case, it is not submitted, the assessee may
mention the details in the specified column while submitting the income tax return.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
donation may be deducted directly from the salary and the donation receipt is
submitted in the name of the employer with proper details i.e. name and address
of the party, amount donated, PAN, and TAN of the party. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
employee can claim a deduction if he has this certificate from the employer
which confirms that the contribution was made from the employee’s salary
account. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case,
the employee himself made any contribution, he may submit the same in writing
with the above details of receipt received from the political party. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Most of the
taxpayers can misuse section 80GGC for getting tax deductions, may submit
fake donation receipts and in such case, how to ensure the admissibility of
deduction 80GGC, is a challenge for the Drawing and Disbursing Officers (DDOs).
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Filing of Bogus Refund Claims or giving the wrong deduction
by a DDO to the employee<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case,
any bogus refund is claimed by a taxpayer, the responsibility lies with the
taxpayer. But in case a wrong deduction is given by a DDO to an employee, the DDO
will be responsible for it. The Income Tax Law makes the assessing officers
responsible if the assessment of income is not done accurately. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>DDOs are expected to consider the following points in 80G</b></span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the case of
80G, an employer or DDO is allowed only to consider only the following
donations to allow while giving deduction under section 80G:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund; The Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund; The
National Children’s Fund; The Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust; The Rajiv Gandhi
Foundation and to the following bodies to the extent of 100 percent of the
contribution: The National Defence Fund
or the Prime Minister’s National
Relief Fund; The Prime Minister’s Armenia Earthquake Relief Fund; The Africa
(Public Contribution-India) Fund; The National Foundation for Communal Harmony;
The Chief Minister’s Earthquake Relief Fund, Maharashtra; The National Blood
Transfusion Council; The State Blood Transfusion Council; The Army Central
Welfare Fund; The Indian Naval Benevolent Fund; The Air Force Central Welfare
Fund; The Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister’s Cyclone Relief Fund, 1996; The
National Illness Assistance Fund; The Chief Minister’s Relief Fund or
Lieutenant Governor’s Relief Fund, in respect of any State or Union Territory,
as the case may be, subject to certain conditions; The University or
educational institution of national eminence approved by the prescribed authority;
The National Sports Fund to be set up by the Central Government; The National
Cultural Fund set up by the Central Government; The Fund for Technology
Development and Application set up by the Central Government; The national
trust for welfare of persons with autism, cerebral palsy mental retardation and
multiple disabilities.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
employer or DDO cannot be in a position to ascertain the genuineness of donations
if the donations have been made to private charitable trusts, therefore, only
the income tax department can allow such deduction of donation under section
80G. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">What can happen if the income tax department detects bogus
or fake deduction claims of an individual?</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">There are
three persons, on which action can be taken by the income tax department i.e.
Employees, Employers, and the consultant whoever is found guilty of making the
bogus or fake deduction allowed. The following points should be considered
while getting or allowing deduction in case of donations:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">1. Only
those deductions which are made in cash (up to Rs. 2000) or cheque or
electronic fund transfer (EFT) are eligible for the tax deduction. The
donations in form of clothes, milk, medicines, food, etc. are not eligible for
getting a tax deduction. </span></span></h4>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. The
donations to foreign charitable trusts are not eligible for tax deduction under
India’s Income Tax Act. </span></span></h4>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">3. In the case
of 80GGC, donations to political parties by making miscellaneous expenses
such as brochures, souvenirs, or pamphlets cannot be claimed. </span></span></h4>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">4. The
following documents are required to claim deduction under section 80G:</span></span></h3>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Stamped Receipt with proper details: </span></span></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is must obtain a <b>stamped receipt</b> from the
trust or institution which is notified by the income tax act to receive
donations for 80G purposes. The receipt should contain the name, address, and
PAN of the trust or institution along with the registration number under
section 80G, and validity of registration (registration period) must also be
mentioned.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. A few rights reserved. Use this information in the public interest.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This content is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 23rd December 2021 and last updated on 23rd December 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><p style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 48px;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-76685698433191768772021-12-21T15:45:00.007-08:002021-12-23T08:21:14.520-08:00Oops e-Payments delayed failed<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> Oops e-Payments delayed failed</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is really bad to think even, that banking systems may also face software and internet connectivity issues. In December 2021, around the world, the banks became unable to send and receive payments. When banking customers raised the issues with the bankers, they gave assurance that they are trying to resolve the problem.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh73MVF24_K7AiGIH35XRYPyfHpW2JJJG2vK1xkXhsUqUvJku6Jff2OkdVRZaCn95D1oR-EM7qKZeB4F2HEpewWwdpxUDaDm90pDdMeIykQJze0kWQo0Cwh3PxaLm5xZ6mfC3VKk1wwArJO070ckTWCGjFhyiGAS9O0UeBwhbb1cKKi18uBx1vTi_Ji=s1004" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="e-Payments Delayed Failed" border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="1004" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh73MVF24_K7AiGIH35XRYPyfHpW2JJJG2vK1xkXhsUqUvJku6Jff2OkdVRZaCn95D1oR-EM7qKZeB4F2HEpewWwdpxUDaDm90pDdMeIykQJze0kWQo0Cwh3PxaLm5xZ6mfC3VKk1wwArJO070ckTWCGjFhyiGAS9O0UeBwhbb1cKKi18uBx1vTi_Ji=w400-h235" title="e-Payments Delayed Failed" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> The banking transfer system may stop working</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nobody expects that the full proof considered systems of banking may stop anytime. Isn't it?</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Near the festival of Christmas, when around the world people were ready to celebrate it, suddenly in December 2021, the inbound and outbound transfer of banking money nationwide stopped. As per the news, hundreds of complaints and reports are lodged by the customers to resolve the issue at the earliest.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Customer Service of Banks</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The customer service team of banks is not provided full access to the banking network. In case of any failure of the system or delay in the service by the system, the customer service team is helpless. The team if asked, in how much time any technical issue is expected to be resolved? The response is most of the time, it is not possible for them to fix a time limit regarding resolving any technical issue.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The banks with good to excellent customer service should be preferred to open an account instead of a bank with higher returns on deposit. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">What happened with Nationwide Banking in December 2021</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The banks became unable to accept the payments in the bank accounts from the outside of nationwide. Even the bank transfers sent by the customers were also delayed.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The people withdrawing paper money in large quantities instead of doing electronic transfers may face problems in the days of festivals due to the lack of paper currencies available with the banks, but the electronic transactions failure or unnecessary delay can never be expected by the customers.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">What can happen if you are asked to send or receive cash later?</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The banks are always trustworthy and that is why people try to put their money in banking accounts than to keep it at home or in domestic lockers. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the case of electronic transactions, if a payment is delayed or takes more time to process, the customer face problems in life. Suppose, you sent an amount to someone using an electronic transaction thereafter, you wait for the message to be received that the money has been transferred. Usually, it is a real-time transaction but in case it is delayed, the system will show it that the transaction is under process and you have to wait.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Nationwide Banking System</b></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The nationwide open banking systems are really a blessing for the people sending and receiving payment from one nation to another. Obviously, the accounts of all banks are connected with the system so that anyone can send or receive payments nationwide through an open banking system.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">People can use banking cards to process the desired transactions in case the electronic transactions are delayed but it is expected that the electronic transactions are safer.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Banking apps are great</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Every customer using banking apps shared good experiences of saving time in getting the transactions done. Most of the banks charge a nominal fees for enabling smooth e-banking exposure to the customers. The standing orders and direct debits are processed generally without charging any fee. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. A few rights reserved. Use this information in the public interest.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This content is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 22nd December 2021 and last updated on 22nd December 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><p style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 48px;"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-74018001147723169022021-12-02T07:19:00.014-08:002022-02-14T13:06:02.183-08:00New Corona Covid - Omicron<h2 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="OLE_LINK1"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;">New Corona Covid - Omicron</span></b></a></span></h2><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="OLE_LINK1"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</span></b></a></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Why Omicron is new
Corona? </span></span></b></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The South Africa variant Omicron started
creating a challenge in front of the world and the World Health Organization is
making efforts to study the impact of this virus. Some experts recommended that
this variant is more dangerous than the Delta variant of Corona however, the
research is still going on however the cases of this new variant are being
detected. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">On 11th January, 2022 this Omicron variant had become a threat for whole world. In UK, the cases were jumped 52% in a single week. The Covid 19 Omicron cases were increasing, the WHO analysis stated that the cases were becoming double in just 1.5 to 2 days in the areas notified as community transmission of Omicron variant. The research was done to check whether the virus is able to evade immunity or increasing with its inherent transmissibility or both. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">In India also, Omicron cases were started to be detected in lacs of people. But the Covid vaccination and Covid-19 appropriate behaviour managed everything to avoid the third wave of Covid-19 in India. </span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Chief Ministers of Bihar, Karnataka, Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, etc. had been detected as infected from Corona; everyone made himself isolated so that others not became infected due to their infection. The states declared restrictions to contain Omicron and Delta variants.</span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovvB4LKGrmiPxztn39Y6TuqlS677vZGVMvHBmz4ITGjfOeWTvYbgMvJiGybojqyuiHbZKcVBD5ZO8iyi8ocKXsRpzHwfOtLhOWXN_K4GWiyueRtXRqF3ITra2eQ_O136O1No8RK6LMR8/s400/Omicron+Variant+Corona.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Corona Covid Omicron" border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="400" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovvB4LKGrmiPxztn39Y6TuqlS677vZGVMvHBmz4ITGjfOeWTvYbgMvJiGybojqyuiHbZKcVBD5ZO8iyi8ocKXsRpzHwfOtLhOWXN_K4GWiyueRtXRqF3ITra2eQ_O136O1No8RK6LMR8/w400-h225/Omicron+Variant+Corona.jpeg" title="Corona Covid Omicron" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">A concern of Interest – Omicron</span></span></b></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The corona affected the whole world
for the last 3 years, in the initial stage, Covid-19 first infections were not
spreading faster. However, the world was not much aware of keeping social
distancing and use of masks, that is why it took time to tackle the cases. But
in its variants i.e. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variant; most of the
countries used vaccination to prevent the infections, but the variant affected
most of the people which were not vaccinated. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The next variant Omicron declared as a serious concern of interest however some experts had already conveyed it as a lighter variant than the earlier variants and they claimed that the vaccinations had developed the necessary immunity to fight with
the Omicron. Some experts were claiming that it as a serious concern with the thought that the people
with vaccination can also be easily affected by Omicron. Both types of experts were right however, the vaccination and Covid-19 appropriate behaviour worked successfully in India. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">New
York Declared Emergency</span></span></b></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Without having a study of the virus, Omicron was neither declared light nor heavily dangerous. However, most of the
countries around the world imposed restrictions on travelers, keeping
in view that the earlier two variants had transmitted from one person to
another and Omicron was also a variant of Corona therefore the restrictions were imposed. New York declared a state of emergency due to Omicron and had also banned
travel to South Africa. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Panic was observed as countries were banning travel to Africa</span></span></b></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">For almost 2 years prior to Omicron (December 2021), the countries had opened the international flights but the Omicron
variant made the countries to ban the travel to Africa and this idea worked successfully. The European
Union, New York, India, etc. postponed their decisions to open the
international flights. In December 2021, more than 50000
cases of Omicron had been detected around the world. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">However, the countries were monitoring the cases and matters very seriously because the Delta variant had already found more dangerous than its earlier variants Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Omicron was expected as more
dangerous than the Delta variant. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">The new infections of Corona were tested around the world for detecting Omicron and in many countries, cases had been found such as in Hong Kong and Botswana, cases were found after South
Africa. Thereafter, cases were found in Belgium, Germany, the Czech Republic, Israel,
Britain, etc. </span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Panic
in Stock Markets was also visible</span></span></b></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">During the first two variants, the stock
market fell due to a lack of business activities as most of
the countries had taken the decision of lockdown. The Alpha variant was detected in
England and the Beta variant was detected in South Africa. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Brazil observed the
Gamma variant and thereafter the Delta variant in India. With the happening, it was clear that Corona had not stopped and the genomic structure of the
virus is changing as per the nature of the virus. After Omicron, it is expected that it will again come in a different form soon after July 2022.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Will
the world invent medicine to fight Corona?</span></span></b></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">There is vaccination of many diseases in medical science
and most of the vaccination is successful also. The Covid-19 is declared a
pandemic and medical science is trying to find out the solutions, the
vaccination on basis of boosting immunity protected the world from worse
impacts of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants of Corona virus. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case of epidemics earlier on
the earth such as plague, cholera, polio, AIDS, etc; the treatments are
available as of today. In the initial stages of these epidemics, the diseases were
new and medicines were not available but with the passing of time, medical
science not only invested in the medicines but also cured the diseases. Medical science is most trusted around the world due to such successes. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">It will be too early to say whether medical science is going to invent the medicine and treatment for this Corona
soon. But it is very much possible and the countries are constantly working
upon it. Till the time medicine is not invented, precautions are the best means
to prevent it. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Covid Omicron In Mumbai Maharashtra India</span></span></b></h3><p>
</p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The keeping of physical distance of two
yards and wearing of the mask; considered as the best protocol to prevent the Corona in India and people were sensitised to not adopt carelessness in implementing the
protocol. The doctors were recommended to keep the protocol followed even
after vaccination.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Thousands of cases of Omicron had been reported in Maharashtra India. Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure had also been imposed to prohibit rush in the metro cities such as Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai. As the cases were increasing slowly slowly, initially it was expected that Omicron is lighter but it also impacted a lot however restrictions travelling the long distances worked in preventing the Omicron. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">What was new in Omicron than Delta as per Doctors:</span></span></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">A London doctor had warned that rashes had been observed as a symptom of Omicron variant of Corona, in the children. </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span>However, these symptoms had not been found in the adults. Apart from this, problems like fatigue, headache and loss of appetite, etc. were also identified as symptoms, the rashes was one of major symptom and this symptom was either on body joints or on palms and below the feet. </span><span>T</span><span>he main symptoms of corona i.e. cough, high fever and loss of taste and smell, were not visible in Omicron. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">However, it was observed that within 48 hours, a person affected from Omicron variant noticed the following symptoms - runny nose, prickling throat, headache, fatigue and sneezing apart from lower back pain, muscle pain and night sweats. </span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Status of Covid Omicron in India </span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The cases of corona virus and its new variant Omicron initially had gained momentum in the country but then the cases be controlled. In Delhi, according to the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) of Delhi Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), when the positivity rate had become more than 5 percent for two consecutive days, then a red alert i.e. total curfew was imposed. The DDMA had announced 'Yellow Alert'. The Delhi government had also imposed weekend curfew in the state after issuing yellow alert. There was a ban on leaving the house without any reason. Along with this, work from home of government employees was also used to contain the Omicron. All theaters and gyms in Delhi had been closed under the Yellow Alert.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>In Mumbai,</span> thousands of new cases of corona had stirred up. The Mumbai Mayor Kishori Pednekar decided that as the daily COVID-19 cases increased, a lockdown be imposed in the city as per the norms of the central government. He had also suggested to wear a triple-layer mask while traveling in public transport buses and local trains and also appealed to the people to get vaccinated at the earliest and follow all the COVID-19-related Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Corona in Kolkata had also given dangerous signs because hundreds of doctors and policemen in three different hospitals of the city had been found Corona positive. Thousands of cases were found active in the state. The Chief Minister Mamta Banerjee ordered to close all the schools, colleges and universities in the state. 50 percent attendance had been implemented in private and government offices.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In West Bengal, swimming pools, spas, beauty parlors, cinema halls, tourist spots were closed in December 2021 and January 2022 and 50% people had been ensured to enter shopping malls. At the same time, local trains and metro were also directed to run with 50 percent capacity.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In Uttar Pradesh, significant cases of Corona positive people were detected. Hundreds of new</span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> cases of corona and also of the new variant Omicron had also been reported in the state. The government had imposed the same restrictions as in Delhi and Mumbai.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. A few rights reserved. Use this information in the public interest.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This content is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 2nd December 2021 and last updated on 15th February 2022. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-42216571189089829132021-12-01T14:56:00.016-08:002022-01-10T16:24:05.827-08:00Omicron - New Variant of Corona<h2 style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Omicron - New Variant of Corona</span></b></h2><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFwikRsBtBFiPyWMXYXlf5Jygp3L2-2IhHwTv3nY-iFXOBFKAPAHL0-xkbIkQgklkv_nENClMqryJLZdXn6mT0kjAICu6OCthgsZMKLZ_NJ213yoK-MYOJv26_ZBHnwDCFCd1Ohog-wI4/s940/Omicron+Variant+Corona.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Omicron Variant of Corona" border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="940" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFwikRsBtBFiPyWMXYXlf5Jygp3L2-2IhHwTv3nY-iFXOBFKAPAHL0-xkbIkQgklkv_nENClMqryJLZdXn6mT0kjAICu6OCthgsZMKLZ_NJ213yoK-MYOJv26_ZBHnwDCFCd1Ohog-wI4/w400-h225/Omicron+Variant+Corona.jpeg" title="Omicron Variant of Corona" width="400" /></a></div></b></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Border Security in Nations</span></b></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">To avoid the risk of the importation and transmission of new variant of Corona in Canada, yesterday, Canada's Minister of Health and Minister of Transport announced new border measures. The new variant is harmful even for the people with vaccination of Covid-19 and it is advised to have quartine measures for all. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is fact that the border security restricted the Covid-19 earlier and now it will be helpful in reducing the impact of Omicron as well. The unvaccinated travelers are tested on arrival and also on day 8 so that it is confirmed whether the person is infected from Corona or not. It is mandatory by most nations to keep the travelers' quartine for at least 14 days before permitting them to enter the nation. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Surveillance and Monitoring of Cases</b></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Government of India is continuously assessing the cases being reported from the new variant Omicron. It is a must to work with the collaboration of state governments and the guidelines are being issued at regular intervals. The foreigners who arrived in India in the last few days are being monitored so that the cases can be reduced. There is increased scrutiny of quartine plans for travelers not only at the national border but also at the borders of Delhi. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Omicron and Delta are making the situation worse:</b></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Corona is now airborne disease and the masks are the best way to prevent from it however, it is must to wear accurate type of mask with a good prescribed method. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The people infected from Corona, required to take great care to not spread it to others. The people not affected from Corona required to wear the masks and keep distancing without being careless. The infected people can spread it by talking, coughing and sneezing. Everyone while talking, coughing, and sneezing should wear the masks and others should also be cautious about it.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>What can a mask do to protect from Co</span>rona</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Actually, the virus transmits from one person to another as part of particles and droplets exhaled by an infected person in from of uninfected person/s who inhale the same particles and droplets.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The basic problem is, people are wearing masks when they are alone and not talking with others; while they are not wearing masks at the time of talking or giving lecture to others in a closed space.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case, the masks are used in indoor spaces compulsorily like in offices, homes, halls, classrooms, temples and also the locations wherever crowds are seen such as malls, buses, trains, etc. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The mask should cover mouth and nose and also fit the face snugly at the edges, so the air exhale or inhale only passes through the filtering material. The mask should also be moulded to the nose bridge — a plastic or metal clip is usually provided or built into the mask for this purpose.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Omicron in Canada</b></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Hundreds of cases had been confirmed of Omicron in Canada. The Government is very strict and taking measures to contain it. The Canada Government increased the capacity for finding out and tracking the people with this new variant of Omicron and invested more than $50 million in it. Vaccination is required to travel within and out of Canada. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>New Restrictions in Ontario</b></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In Ontario, the restrictions are imposed on businesses to </span><span style="font-size: large;">include use 50-per-cent capacity limits for most indoor settings. The timings of bars and restaurants are revised to contain the Omicron variant of Corona. The businesses in Canada have been suffering since the emergence of Covid pandemic.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Is it the third wave of Covid-19?</b></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Yes, probably it is the next wave of the virus after Covid-19, however, the awareness of Covid makes everyone take necessary precautions to prevent it. Medical science formed vaccines to boost immunity for fighting with the Covid-19. South Africa and Russia are working to detect the symptoms of the new virus Omicron, known as a new variant of Corona.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The year 2022 - Omicron, a new threat:</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The symptoms are different from the earliest virus Covid-19. However, this virus is harmful to people with low immunity. Therefore, the doctors are recommending boosting the immunity for fighting with a new variant of the corona, Omicron. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The research identified the symptoms of Omicron and found that it's maybe a mild disease than Covid but it should be taken lightly because people with low immunity can easily be affected by it. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is fact that the year 2020 was horrible due to the influence of the virus Covid-19 and the revised wave of the Covid-19 in the year 2021 was not affected much due to implementing vaccination programs around the world. But in the year 2022, the Omicron may be dangerous. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Omicron - Symptoms in its patients</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">South Africa experienced the Omicron virus and the doctors of South Africa recommended to not take this new variant lightly. However, the symptoms of Omicron are different from the Delta variant of Corona.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The symptoms are lighter than the symptoms of Delta variant, means it is more dangerous because a person with Omicron infection is not easily identifiable as compared to a person who is infected with Delta variant. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The president of the South African Medical Association, Angelique Coetzee reported that the patients of Omicron have common symptoms of feeling fatigue, headache, body aches, sore throat, and cough. If these symptoms are not cured with normal medicines, then probably it is Omicron. The Covid testing can trace the symptoms and it has been recommended to test the people suspicious for infection of Omicron. The symptoms of the Covid-19 and Delta variant of Corona were similar but the Omicron is different in terms of its symptoms. The patients who were affected from Corona earlier should be more cautious as their immunity was weak probably this variant is also affecting the people with low immunity. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the Delta variant, the patients had difficulty in inhaling oxygen and that's why the pulse rate was high in its patients and there was the loss of smell and taste in the patients. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Omicron - Will it be more dangerous?</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It's too early to say whether the new variant of the Corona, Omicron will be more dangerous or not. Its symptoms are different than the Delta variant of the Corona. Any disease which is incurable can be deadly and dangerous. Since Corona has already affected most of the countries in 2019, 2020, and 2021 it is required to specifically focus upon Omicron and do more research on it. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Governments issued the guidelines at par with the earlier variants that are to wear masks and keep social distancing, however, it is not clear whether this new variant of the Corona is also at the same level of affecting nearby people or not.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The World Health Organization (WHO) is keeping an eye upon it and the guidelines are being issued to contain it at the earliest. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Omicron may spread rapidly in India:</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Omicron virus keeping in view the density of India, may spread very rapidly. This is forecasted by Juliet Pulliam, the Director of the South African DSI-NSF Centre for excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis. The rapid growth is expected due to a combination of immune evasion and its higher transmissibility than the previous variants of Corona. The experts are putting emphasis to make necessary hospital planning to face the uncertain circumstances from this Omicron.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>It's infectious but not dangerous</b></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is observed in India that thousands of cases of Omicron infection spreaded fastly but </span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">most of the patients are getting cured by basic medicines of pain and fever. But recognising the Omicron over Delta variant is a challenging task because both the variants are found at different locations.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">However, the people with less immunity are still at risk. Because the persons who are recovering from basic medicines are mostly those who have d</span></span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">eveloped immunity from vaccine along with natural immunity made from infection in India and </span></span><span style="font-size: large; text-align: left;">this hybrid immunity is showing effective.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large; text-align: left;">Therefore, t</span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">here is absolutely no need to panic, just through precaution, we can overcome this Omicron virus.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">The doctors at Sivan Hills Hospital in Mumbai said that the HRCT scans showed that the Omicron infection did not affect the lungs. This has been revealed in HRCT scans of all patients. Of the total, 78 percent of the cases, the patients had taken both the doses of the vaccine. The two who had not received a single dose of the vaccine also did not show any serious symptoms.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">The natural immunity is most effective in preventing infection. In people who have developed antibodies due to infection with corona, the immunity developed due to the vaccine creates hybrid immunity and will provide better protection.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. A few rights reserved. Use this information in the public interest.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This content is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 2nd December 2021 and last updated on 2nd December 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-67710155664737492152021-11-28T06:33:00.001-08:002021-11-28T06:33:36.987-08:00Cash Flow Projections and Statements<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Cash Flow Projections and Statements</span></b></span></h2>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">-Dr. Lalit
Kumar Setia</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Most
of the students face problems in learning how to prepare Cash Flow Statements
from the Financial Statements. At the time, I delivered sessions in my courses at Haryana Institute of Public Administration to the students of Entrepreneurship Course and IVRI - Incubator, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute; I explained - How to measure Cash, What is Cash Flow and How to identify inflows and outflows, Why an entrepreneur should be aware of these projections before taking the decisions in the enterprise and How to manage income and expenditure.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHCKTUFpxGypuia_4v7jZAKi2va0zJ2FuuZQO1ZlsH_dGamGol8z7uj3XWkzApz4ikZ1Oqq-F0JNNhO86rZBIK-69z4lQ74eopDTFT3d4JlwBtVGypMPEcJu8_5TdYwBrWQzGtfPNy1IU/s1004/Cash+Flow+Projections+and+Statements.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Cash Flow Projections and Statements" border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="1004" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHCKTUFpxGypuia_4v7jZAKi2va0zJ2FuuZQO1ZlsH_dGamGol8z7uj3XWkzApz4ikZ1Oqq-F0JNNhO86rZBIK-69z4lQ74eopDTFT3d4JlwBtVGypMPEcJu8_5TdYwBrWQzGtfPNy1IU/w400-h235/Cash+Flow+Projections+and+Statements.jpg" title="Cash Flow Projections and Statements" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Everything
is required to be monitored in the business and control over expenditure is
possible only if an entrepreneur has enough knowledge and skill to perform
these functions. A few challenges in front of an entrepreneur:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">a.
How to handle cash flow problems<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">b.
How to manage Working Capital<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">c.
How to manage Debtors<br /> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">d.
How to control Credit and use Debt Financing<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">e.
How to manage Creditors<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">f.
How to manage Stock and use Inventory efficiently<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">g.
How to prepare a checklist for managing Cash Flows</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
answers to the above questions and skills lie in Cash Flow Projections and Cash
Flow Statements. Whenever any investor evaluates a business, it is not just an analysis of financial statements which are giving a current financial position
and the current ability for performing operations to earn profits; rather it is
more important to predict future financial position and future likely
performance for earning profits. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Financial Statements</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
financial statements i.e. Income Statement, Balance Sheet are the statements that
point out the existing financial performance and existing financial position.
For future financial performance and future financial position, it is a must estimate the revenues, estimate the expenditure, estimate the financial
position. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Using the template to project the Cash Flows</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">On
the basis of the template, the students try to start cash flow projection and after
projecting the cash flows and filling estimated figures, the template is kept
and filled with the actual figures as time passes. Firstly, 90 days’
projection is done and the activities are performed as per projection. As the
figures are estimated, it is possible to have the comparison with the actuals after making expenditures and then revise the estimates as per the actual happenings. After
comparison, what an entrepreneur finds:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">a.
Monitor from where the money comes<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">b.
Monitor to where the money goes<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">c.
More accurate decisions with regard to working capital management<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">d.
Reply to the queries of the investor so that they trust upon the projections of
business<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">e.
Prevent the likely cash crunch and threats on part of working capital with
planning</span></h3>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">What may happen when Cash Flow Statements
are not prepared on basis of projections?</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Working capital mismanagement leads to a lot of problems. For example, there
may be unnecessary delays in the payments of the vendors and suppliers, it is
also possible that the installments of debt repayment may be missed. In case,
the business suffered frequently on part of making its payments in a timely
manner, it is possible that customers be dissatisfied and the business reach the
point of insolvency. Therefore, it is a must to prepare the projections accurately
and stick to the figures to the extent possible.</span></p><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 32px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 48px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 48px;"></span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">This content is<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 28th November 2021 and last updated on 28th November 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div></div></span></div></h3><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"></div></div></span></div></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 48px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 48px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></div></h3>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-89056427321159528992021-11-07T08:14:00.005-08:002023-11-23T21:39:11.791-08:00Cyber Crime from Sold Devices<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <b><span>Cyber Crime from Sold Devices</span></b></span></h2><div style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Mobile devices, notepads, laptops,
and computers each device has its memory and the user usually stores the
information including his/her credentials in the device. Do you know if you
sell the device to someone unknown after a few times, it can be harmful to you?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWa539YNxfXsa2ZHrCWrYTHTLetqmNs6iSNYCP9pSugMZKRyI0JKEldo_inOMCz2m5b-H4QO6EsVhDgFzHcQyrke9kzyK-vLOuynV-EYKsBCnynDXWQytQdtD1kVAdJt6SxbaDIh6x7yc/s1748/Cyber+Crime+from+Sold+Devices.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Cyber Crime from Sold Devices" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWa539YNxfXsa2ZHrCWrYTHTLetqmNs6iSNYCP9pSugMZKRyI0JKEldo_inOMCz2m5b-H4QO6EsVhDgFzHcQyrke9kzyK-vLOuynV-EYKsBCnynDXWQytQdtD1kVAdJt6SxbaDIh6x7yc/w400-h284/Cyber+Crime+from+Sold+Devices.jpg" title="Cyber Crime from Sold Devices" width="400" /></a></div><p style="font-size: x-large;"></p><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sold Device as a Weapon of Cybercrime</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Cybercrime is usually done by cybercriminals. The cybercriminals stole the personal information stored on the
devices and misused it for getting money or selling contacts, selling confidential information to the hackers, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Do not sell the used devices in junk</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Even selling used devices in junk to
the hawkers roaming in nearby places, can be harmful. There are people who
agree to give money for old devices especially Android-based devices. If
you have an old device, for example, a mobile whose screen was broken in the past
and was unrepairable. It is alright that the device is not usable for you
now, but selling it in junk can be harmful or your biggest mistake. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Recovery of useful data from the sold devices</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Now a day, there are a lot of criminals,
looking for sold devices that become useless, so that they can recover confidential information from the devices. For example, your Google account
access is possible if you have not logged out in the Gmail app of an old device. Similarly,
your other apps login can be misused to find your passwords for such apps. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Online Frauds from Confidential Information</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">The
confidential information is used for making a collection of information for
each user targeted by the cybercriminals. In most cybercrimes, the
police found the sold devices in the rooms of the cybercriminals caught at
regular intervals. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Do not respond with account details to unknown people</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Whether you are using PhonePe, PayTM, Google Pay, and MobiKwik, or various apps for e-payments on Android devices;
do not share your account information especially the three-digit CVV number and
OTPs sent by the bank; with anyone else. Use yourself for making the payments
online without showing the same to others. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If any cyber-criminal is using your sold device, you can be accused in the eyes of the Police:</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Do you know, that if you purchased a device
and registered firstly with your Gmail identity on that device, the device will
show you the first registered person forever? In case, any crime is committed using
that device and the police start recovering the data from that device, you will
be the first accused in the eyes of the police. The device will show you the first user,
registered the Gmail identity in that mobile. The cybercriminals never use
their original new mobiles for crimes, instead, they use the sold devices only
so that in an investigation of the police, the accused becomes the one in whose name,
the mobile is first registered. In order to complete the investigation, the
police can call you to their concerned police station and you have to go there to support the police. It may be inconvenient for you also.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">What to do with the old mobiles or devices?</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Even if anyone tries to do factory
settings or completely erase the confidential information from the device; the
information can be recovered with the help of advanced apps and software. Once
information is stored, it can be recovered anytime in the future. In such
circumstances, what to do with the old mobiles or devices?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Keep the old device with you lying idle:</span></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">One solution is to keep the device
always with you, even after it becomes old. In rural areas, people usually
keep their old mobiles with them lying idle however, they are not very aware of
selling it to an unknown person, which is why the hawkers usually tell them to
sell the devices. It is recommended to never sell the devices to the hawkers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Use it in the Home Security System</span></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Secondly, the old devices can be
converted and used for home security systems. The vendors of home security
systems have apps to make your old device used in home security. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Use it for giving Internet access to your children</span></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Even if you are not putting the sim
card in the old device, the device can be connected with the help of a Wi-Fi
connection and the internet can be used in that old device. The children can use
the internet for educational purposes and in this way, it can be fruitful to
your children.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Sell the device to an e-waste company</span></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Finally, if you don’t want to keep it,
then sell it to an e-waste company. The recycling of mobile or laptops is not
possible for all. There is a need for advanced tools to treat the e-waste as per
the policies of the Government. The companies also offer to give the old mobile
back to them while taking a new mobile, however, we may not trust even the
companies. The right way is to delete and erase the confidential information
and then reinstall the apps of games or fill the memory of the mobile with movies or video clips. Watch the same for a few days. Make the memory fully
stored and then sell the device to an e-waste company. In such a case, it will be
impossible to retrieve confidential information from your old mobile or
device.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 32px;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 32px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 48px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 48px;"></span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">This content is<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 7th November 2021 and last updated on 7th November 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div></div></span></div></h3><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 32px;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"></div></div></span></div></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 32px;"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">बेचे गए उपकरणों से साइबर अपराध</span></h2><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-weight: 400; text-align: right;">-डॉ. ललित कुमार सेतिया</div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-weight: 400;"><br /></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"></div></span></div></h3><h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">मोबाइल</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">डिवाइस</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">,
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">नोटपैड</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">लैपटॉप</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">कंप्यूटर</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">प्रत्येक</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">डिवाइस</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">उनकी</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">मेमोरी</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">होती</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">उपयोगकर्ता</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">आमतौर</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">पर</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">डिवाइस</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">अपनी</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">साख</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">सहित</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">जानकारी</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">संग्रहीत</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">करता</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">है।</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">क्या</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">आप</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">जानते</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">हैं</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">कि</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">अगर</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">आप</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">डिवाइस</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">कुछ</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">समय</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">बाद</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">किसी</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">अनजान</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">बेच</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">देते</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">हैं</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">तो</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">यह</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">आपके</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">लिए</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">नुकसानदेह</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">हो</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">सकता</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Kokila, sans-serif" style="font-size: x-large;">?</span></span></span></h3><div><h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>साइबर अपराध के हथियार के रूप में बिक गया उपकरण</b></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">साइबर अपराध आमतौर पर साइबर अपराधियों द्वारा किया जाता है। साइबर अपराधियों
ने उपकरणों पर संग्रहीत व्यक्तिगत जानकारी को चुरा लिया और पैसे प्राप्त करने या संपर्क
बेचने, हैकर्स को गोपनीय जानकारी बेचने आदि के लिए इसका दुरुपयोग किया।</span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>इस्तेमाल किए गए उपकरणों को कबाड़ में न बेचें</b></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">यहां तक कि आस-पास घूमने वाले फेरीवालों को कबाड़ में इस्तेमाल किए गए उपकरणों
को बेचना भी हानिकारक हो सकता है। ऐसे लोग हैं जो पुराने उपकरणों के लिए विशेष रूप
से एंड्रॉइड-आधारित उपकरणों के लिए पैसे देने के लिए सहमत हैं। यदि आपके पास कोई पुराना
उपकरण है, उदाहरण के लिए, एक मोबाइल जिसकी स्क्रीन पहले टूट गई थी और मरम्मत योग्य
नहीं थी। यह ठीक है कि डिवाइस अभी आपके लिए उपयोग करने योग्य नहीं है, लेकिन इसे कबाड़
में बेचना हानिकारक या आपकी सबसे बड़ी गलती हो सकती है।</span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>बेचे गए उपकरणों से उपयोगी डेटा की पुनर्प्राप्ति</b></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">आजकल, बहुत सारे अपराधी ऐसे बेचे गए उपकरणों की तलाश में हैं जो बेकार हो जाते
हैं, ताकि वे उपकरणों से गोपनीय जानकारी प्राप्त कर सकें। </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">उदाहरण के लिए, यदि आपने
किसी पुराने डिवाइस के जीमेल ऐप में लॉग आउट नहीं किया है तो आपके Google खाते तक पहुंच
संभव है। इसी तरह, ऐसे ऐप्स के आपके पासवर्ड खोजने के लिए आपके अन्य ऐप्स लॉगिन का
दुरुपयोग किया जा सकता है।</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>गोपनीय जानकारी से ऑनलाइन धोखाधड़ी</b></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">गोपनीय जानकारी का उपयोग साइबर अपराधियों
द्वारा लक्षित प्रत्येक उपयोगकर्ता के लिए जानकारी का संग्रह करने के लिए किया जाता
है। अधिकांश साइबर अपराधों में, पुलिस ने नियमित अंतराल पर पकड़े गए साइबर अपराधियों
के कमरों में बेचे गए उपकरणों को पाया।</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>अज्ञात लोगों को खाता विवरण के साथ जवाब न दें</b></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">चाहे आप PhonePe, PayTM, या Google Pay और Mobiqwik का उपयोग कर रहे हों,
Android उपकरणों में ई-भुगतान के लिए विभिन्न ऐप; अपने खाते की जानकारी विशेष रूप से
बैंक द्वारा भेजे गए तीन अंकों के सीवीवी नंबर और ओटीपी को साझा न करें; किसी और को।
दूसरों को यह दिखाए बिना, ऑनलाइन भुगतान करने के लिए, स्वयं का उपयोग करें।</span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">यदि कोई साइबर अपराधी आपके बेचे गए उपकरण का उपयोग कर रहा है, तो पुलिस की नजर
में आप पर आरोप लगाया जा सकता है:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">क्या आप जानते हैं, यदि आपने कोई उपकरण खरीदा है और उस उपकरण में अपनी Gmail
पहचान के साथ सबसे पहले पंजीकृत किया है, तो वह उपकरण आपको हमेशा के लिए पहला पंजीकृत
व्यक्ति दिखाएगा? </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">यदि उस डिवाइस का उपयोग करके कोई अपराध किया जाता है और पुलिस उस
डिवाइस से डेटा को रिकवर करना शुरू कर देती है, तो आप पुलिस की नजर में पहले आरोपी
होंगे। डिवाइस आपको उस मोबाइल में पंजीकृत जीमेल पहचान वाला पहला उपयोगकर्ता दिखाएगा।
साइबर क्रिमिनल कभी भी अपने ओरिजिनल नए मोबाइल का इस्तेमाल अपराधों के लिए नहीं करते
हैं, बल्कि बेचे गए उपकरणों का ही इस्तेमाल करते हैं ताकि पुलिस की जांच में आरोपी
वही बन जाए जिसके नाम पर सबसे पहले मोबाइल रजिस्टर हो। जांच पूरी करने के लिए पुलिस
आपको अपने संबंधित थाने में बुला सकती है और आपको वहां पुलिस की मदद के लिए जाना होगा।
यह आपके लिए असुविधाजनक भी हो सकता है।</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>पुराने मोबाइल या डिवाइस का क्या करें?</b></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">यहां तक कि अगर कोई फ़ैक्टरी सेटिंग करने का प्रयास करता है या डिवाइस से गोपनीय
जानकारी को पूरी तरह से मिटा देता है; जानकारी को उन्नत ऐप्स और सॉफ़्टवेयर की सहायता
से पुनर्प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। एक बार जानकारी संग्रहीत हो जाने के बाद, इसे भविष्य
में कभी भी पुनर्प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। ऐसे में पुराने मोबाइल या डिवाइस का क्या
करें?</span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>पुराने उपकरण को अपने पास बेकार पड़े रखें</b></span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">एक उपाय यह है कि डिवाइस को हमेशा अपने पास रखें, भले ही वह पुराना हो जाए। ग्रामीण
क्षेत्रों में, लोग आमतौर पर पुराने मोबाइल को बेकार पड़े रहते हैं, हालांकि, उन्हें
इसे किसी अज्ञात व्यक्ति को बेचने के बारे में ज्यादा जानकारी नहीं होती है, इसलिए
फेरीवाले आमतौर पर उन्हें उपकरण बेचने के लिए कहते हैं। यह अनुशंसा की जाती है कि फेरीवालों
को उपकरण कभी न बेचे जाएं।</span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>गृह सुरक्षा प्रणाली में इसका इस्तेमाल करें</b></span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">दूसरे, पुराने उपकरणों को परिवर्तित किया जा सकता है और घरेलू सुरक्षा प्रणालियों
के लिए उपयोग किया जा सकता है। गृह सुरक्षा प्रणालियों के विक्रेताओं के पास आपके पुराने
उपकरण को गृह सुरक्षा में उपयोग करने के लिए ऐप्स हैं।</span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>अपने बच्चों को इंटरनेट एक्सेस देने के लिए इसका इस्तेमाल करें</b></span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">अगर आप पुराने डिवाइस में सिम कार्ड नहीं लगा रहे हैं तो भी डिवाइस को वाई-फाई
कनेक्शन की मदद से जोड़ा जा सकता है और उस पुराने डिवाइस में इंटरनेट का इस्तेमाल किया
जा सकता है। बच्चे इंटरनेट का उपयोग शैक्षिक उद्देश्यों के लिए कर सकते हैं और इस तरह
यह आपके बच्चों के लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है।</span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">डिवाइस को ई-वेस्ट कंपनी को बेचें</span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">अंत में, यदि आप इसे नहीं रखना चाहते हैं, तो इसे किसी ई-कचरा कंपनी को बेच दें।
मोबाइल या लैपटॉप की रिसाइकलिंग सभी के लिए संभव नहीं है। सरकार की नीतियों के अनुसार
ई-कचरे के उपचार के लिए उन्नत उपकरणों की आवश्यकता है। कंपनियां नया मोबाइल लेते समय
पुराने मोबाइल को वापस देने की पेशकश भी करती हैं, हालांकि, हम कंपनियों पर भी भरोसा
नहीं कर सकते हैं। सही तरीका यह है कि गोपनीय जानकारी को हटाकर मिटा दिया जाए और फिर
गेम के ऐप्स को फिर से इंस्टॉल किया जाए या मोबाइल की मेमोरी को मूवी या वीडियो क्लिप
से भर दिया जाए। कुछ दिनों तक ऐसा ही देखें। मेमोरी को पूरी तरह से स्टोर कर लें और
फिर डिवाइस को किसी ई-वेस्ट कंपनी को बेच दें। ऐसे में आपके पुराने मोबाइल या डिवाइस
से गोपनीय जानकारी प्राप्त करना असंभव होगा।</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>*कॉपीराइट © 2021 डॉ. ललित कुमार। सर्वाधिकार सुरक्षित।</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यह सामग्री डॉ ललित कुमार सेतिया द्वारा लिखी गई है</span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span style="line-height: 200%;">;</span></span><span class="viiyi"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;"> <span data-language-for-alternatives="hi" data-language-to-translate-into="en" data-number-of-phrases="5" data-phrase-index="1" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;usxOmf:aWLT7;jhKsnd:P7O7bd,F8DmGf;Q4AGo:Gm7gYd,qAKMYb;uFUCPb:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;f56efd:dJXsye;EnoYf:KNzws,ZJsZZ,JgVSJc;zdMJQc:cCQNKb,ZJsZZ,zchEXc;Ytrrj:JJDvdc;tNR8yc:GeFvjb;oFN6Ye:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Zl5N8" jsdata="uqLsIf;_;$11" jsmodel="SsMkhd" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;"></span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span jsaction="click:qtZ4nf,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:qtZ4nf,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">एक प्रसिद्ध
लेखक और प्रशिक्षक।</span></span></span></span><span class="viiyi"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;"> <span data-language-for-alternatives="hi" data-language-to-translate-into="en" data-number-of-phrases="5" data-phrase-index="2" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;usxOmf:aWLT7;jhKsnd:P7O7bd,F8DmGf;Q4AGo:Gm7gYd,qAKMYb;uFUCPb:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;f56efd:dJXsye;EnoYf:KNzws,ZJsZZ,JgVSJc;zdMJQc:cCQNKb,ZJsZZ,zchEXc;Ytrrj:JJDvdc;tNR8yc:GeFvjb;oFN6Ye:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Zl5N8" jsdata="uqLsIf;_;$12" jsmodel="SsMkhd" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;"></span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span jsaction="click:qtZ4nf,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:qtZ4nf,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उन्होंने
कुरुक्षेत्र विश्वविद्यालय कुरुक्षेत्र से वाणिज्य में डॉक्टरेट और जीजेयू</span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हिसार से
सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी में एमबीए पूरा किया।</span></span></span></span><span class="viiyi"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;"> <span data-language-for-alternatives="hi" data-language-to-translate-into="en" data-number-of-phrases="5" data-phrase-index="3" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;usxOmf:aWLT7;jhKsnd:P7O7bd,F8DmGf;Q4AGo:Gm7gYd,qAKMYb;uFUCPb:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;f56efd:dJXsye;EnoYf:KNzws,ZJsZZ,JgVSJc;zdMJQc:cCQNKb,ZJsZZ,zchEXc;Ytrrj:JJDvdc;tNR8yc:GeFvjb;oFN6Ye:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Zl5N8" jsdata="uqLsIf;_;$13" jsmodel="SsMkhd" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;"></span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span jsaction="click:qtZ4nf,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:qtZ4nf,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उन्होंने
2006 से हरियाणा लोक प्रशासन संस्थान</span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">गुरुग्राम में अपनी कार्य अवधि के दौरान दो पुस्तकें</span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">15 शोध पत्र
लिखे और 200 से अधिक प्रशिक्षण पाठ्यक्रमों का आयोजन किया।</span></span></span></span><span class="viiyi"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;"> <span data-language-for-alternatives="hi" data-language-to-translate-into="en" data-number-of-phrases="5" data-phrase-index="4" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;usxOmf:aWLT7;jhKsnd:P7O7bd,F8DmGf;Q4AGo:Gm7gYd,qAKMYb;uFUCPb:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;f56efd:dJXsye;EnoYf:KNzws,ZJsZZ,JgVSJc;zdMJQc:cCQNKb,ZJsZZ,zchEXc;Ytrrj:JJDvdc;tNR8yc:GeFvjb;oFN6Ye:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Zl5N8" jsdata="uqLsIf;_;$14" jsmodel="SsMkhd" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;"></span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span jsaction="click:qtZ4nf,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:qtZ4nf,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लेख 7 नवंबर
2021 को प्रकाशित हुआ था और अंतिम बार 7 नवंबर 2021 को अपडेट किया गया था। लेखक से
</span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span style="line-height: 200%;">lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पर संपर्क किया जा सकता है।</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"></span> <span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: large;">अधिक लेख</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="HI" style="line-height: 200%;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a></span></p></div></div></span></div>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-4356190580127871632021-11-04T02:26:00.011-07:002022-02-11T14:29:32.549-08:00Impact of Viruses and Lessons Learnt<h2 style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Impact of Viruses and Lessons Learnt</span></b></h2><div style="text-align: right;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Disclaimer:</b> The purpose of this article is just to spread awareness about health issues. No content is written to harm others. It is a must to consult doctors and medical experts before adopting any advice-driven from this article.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ideas for post Covid recovery of Indian Economy</span></h3><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2JGtkIeVyZK2cx7Zvptyp-kN30tZbspk4JYfzhToXo8JNV9z5rHPhZpfTysMM75cevLI07zbMjUvfsRaYVzdh5JRgwScV0l1Xro9B8e1I_nH0RSmgxzjyVC-MMFKoYsVvH_LNXsTh-b9y75Os4nzL9CxkW3_3b34QCYNKuC9JvfgH1oDrAe0kr4ir=s1660" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Ideas for post Covid recovery of Indian Economy" border="0" data-original-height="1660" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2JGtkIeVyZK2cx7Zvptyp-kN30tZbspk4JYfzhToXo8JNV9z5rHPhZpfTysMM75cevLI07zbMjUvfsRaYVzdh5JRgwScV0l1Xro9B8e1I_nH0RSmgxzjyVC-MMFKoYsVvH_LNXsTh-b9y75Os4nzL9CxkW3_3b34QCYNKuC9JvfgH1oDrAe0kr4ir=w416-h640" title="Ideas for post Covid recovery of Indian Economy" width="416" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The seven points agenda for recovery of Indian Economy after Corona period, is working well. The Indian citizens who love nation are committed to use these seven formula to put the economy again in double digit economic growth.</span></p></div><h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%;">Vaccination to cure Corona Covid-19:</span></h3><h4 style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">The countries around the world used vaccination to stop the
Covid and covid variants. However, it was observed that the rich countries ordered more vaccines than their requirement to face the pandemic. </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal;">The vaccination is proved as a boon to safeguard from the viruses, however the threats are still there about the long term use of vaccine to safeguard from the Corona virus.</span></span></p></h4><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm;"><font><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgFTwF7acINGV5x4fMQJZfx1tq7sHIhXa0EYtY-q8W5i5Azb911fNboxqxYHoN2ZdSmBgK2IVNqNJW8ryFD803mXDSNeL7j-zQ1S3wc-9r1k-iRGKi-ALd2mw22lq_5lN3R0J0zM0yzyg/s1600/1613602387543128-0.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Rich Countries ordered More Vaccines" border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgFTwF7acINGV5x4fMQJZfx1tq7sHIhXa0EYtY-q8W5i5Azb911fNboxqxYHoN2ZdSmBgK2IVNqNJW8ryFD803mXDSNeL7j-zQ1S3wc-9r1k-iRGKi-ALd2mw22lq_5lN3R0J0zM0yzyg/w319-h400/1613602387543128-0.png" title="Rich Countries ordered More Vaccines" width="319" /></a></div></span></font><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">While the poor countries faced dire shortages of the vaccines. But experts advised not to forget that even if the pandemic stays in poor countries, it is adverse
for all countries in long run. Therefore, there is a need to spend more on medical research
especially to fight against the Covid variants. The Delta and Omicron variants of Corona affected more adversely than its earlier Alpha, Beta, Gamma variants. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Those who followed the SoP for preventing Covid remained
successful by just washing hands and using Sensitizer in these five rounds of mutation, however, the virus is expected to spread again and again, even today. The history tells the viruses are not dead instead they become inactive for few years and again reactive for the destruction to the mankind. </span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0cm;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%;">Whether Covid Vaccine are permanent Solution or not</span></h3>
<p style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%;">The vaccination campaign around the world safeguarded human beings from Covid-19 and its Variants. However, the
persons who had been vaccinated, also be affected by Covid after the
Vaccination. The overall protection was the immunity level of the body. The vaccine also tried to boost immunity.</span></p>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWwbpuq2uhbxAqvB7VgWAzkzmcqlQGmily7MGR1dIrPVWLVG_MvYvUbaZjqKk4VJ7PPwkQti6q4hJH6_ZwTmCT3oW7-losZ8LE4rciYbDf8YL5p_raqOiBVaPOdAupdYVfXJwXHc_UzoI/s1080/FB_IMG_16175859211162130.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="Covid Vaccine and its impact" border="0" data-original-height="783" data-original-width="1080" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWwbpuq2uhbxAqvB7VgWAzkzmcqlQGmily7MGR1dIrPVWLVG_MvYvUbaZjqKk4VJ7PPwkQti6q4hJH6_ZwTmCT3oW7-losZ8LE4rciYbDf8YL5p_raqOiBVaPOdAupdYVfXJwXHc_UzoI/w400-h290/FB_IMG_16175859211162130.jpg" title="Covid Vaccine and its impact" width="400" /></span></a></span></div><p style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">In such
circumstances, the suspense was not ended on how to safeguard from not being affected by
Covid. How to stay safe, is still a question mark and the world is witnessing the third wave of the Covid-19. It is a must to understand the pandemic, the reasons behind it, and
how to safeguard:</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p>
</p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">What to do if someone in the Family is infected
from Covid Corona?</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR17tG3SP4CZ_vU5VvJVmy40R713sdPH8Cbc53Kk46lSPVNdyD4hm-z6py19roroRotwMA5Wy34Cbjyu1GYmhO2ONWx9nMq9I0XrEaVEeldpT6FFnf5ofb6tJyiqKh8pjMTN1VHLYujmM/s1350/FB_IMG_16157705424011891.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><img alt="Precautions by WHO" border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="1080" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR17tG3SP4CZ_vU5VvJVmy40R713sdPH8Cbc53Kk46lSPVNdyD4hm-z6py19roroRotwMA5Wy34Cbjyu1GYmhO2ONWx9nMq9I0XrEaVEeldpT6FFnf5ofb6tJyiqKh8pjMTN1VHLYujmM/w320-h400/FB_IMG_16157705424011891.jpg" title="Precautions by WHO" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span>The WHO issued the above-mentioned precautions.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0cm;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%;">Do you know?</span></h3><h4 style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">At a restaurant, you should wash your hands after ordering. </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal;">The menu is generally the dirtiest thing you can touch! It means each minor step, a person is taking, needs to be a thing again whether it is an invitation to a non-hygenic environment or not. </span></span></p></h4></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxkv1UcDAiOuRHdv1_pZP-qd2IojcQzjp1155Imz0pVLpeUaflrOXilya7r6r4n96-eTD6R9CrtwuEii42bb4jCMcPVU3Ke1lKGfY1eAEwOGeOIgEDQXzEars0SqVDPy1VLFrZS_BEqA/s1600/1583320160203945-0.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Precautions by Health Department" border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxkv1UcDAiOuRHdv1_pZP-qd2IojcQzjp1155Imz0pVLpeUaflrOXilya7r6r4n96-eTD6R9CrtwuEii42bb4jCMcPVU3Ke1lKGfY1eAEwOGeOIgEDQXzEars0SqVDPy1VLFrZS_BEqA/w364-h400/1583320160203945-0.png" title="Precautions by Health Department" width="364" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">As per the history book, there had been a lot of pandemics happening in the world before the COVID-19, it explained that the Antonine Plague came in 165 AD and killed over 5 million people at that time. Thereafter the Bubonic Plague killed 25 million people in 541 AD and over 100 million people from 1346 to 1353 AD. In the 19<sup>th</sup> Century, from 1852 to 1860 nearly 1 million people were killed with Cholera, and the same again killed over 8 Lacs from 1910 to 1911. Even Flu which spread due to Influenza killed over 1 million from 1889 to 1890, over 20 million in 1918, over 2 million from 1956 to 1958, and over 1 million in the year 1968. From 2005 to 2012, HIV- AIDS killed over 36 million people, and now the COVID-19 of the year 2019, affected crores of people around the world.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Omicron - New Variant of Concern</span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In November 2021, the cases of one new variant of Corona virus identified and it is given the name 'Omicron'. It is third variant of Corona Virus. The Covid-19 followed by Delta Variant affected the world and be cause of deaths during 2019 to 2021 and in the year 2022, it is expected that Omicron will be the new threat. The medical science is doing research and it is less tracible as on today. </span></div><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Viruses:</span><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Just for the sake of humor, I would recall the scene of the 3 idiots
movie in which a student named his teacher "Virus" by looking at his
nature to affect others and change the philosophy for making successful by
ensuring excess than required discipline. Excess of everything leads to some
crisis. The attack of deadly coronavirus is due to the excessive dependence of
humankind upon non-vegetarian food without knowing the drawbacks of what they
are eating. The deadly coronavirus (COVID-19) as per the findings
became viral due to eating bats which are a host of various categories of
viruses. Each virus requires its own treatment in allopathy and experiments are
required to find out the anti-dot of the same. Just a few times back, there was an attack of the deadly Nipah Virus.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">The National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE) worked to provide
training to the doctors and health workers for dealing with the cases of dangerous
viruses including the Nipah virus. The N95 and three-layer masks are used to
prevent the disease from being viral. The viruses are active particularly due
to a lack of immunity and the viruses target the weak persons first. New
research by Australia's Griffith University found Cancer, Chronic Kidney
Disease, Diabetes, and Hypertension; the four main comorbidities leading to
deaths from Covid-19. The research took a sample of 3,75,859 persons from 14
countries to find out the common medical problems in the patients affected from
the Covid-19. Persons with hypertension and diabetes are found at higher
risks to be affected by the viruses.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">The target of Viruses:</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Human bodies are usually targeted by viruses, bacteria, and
parasites. Unfortunately, everyone is not aware of such infections and usually
becomes targeted. Thereafter a lot of medicines are required to cure the
diseases that originated from the infections. On 31<sup>st</sup> December 2018, The Hindu newspaper reported that “a 19-year old donor, whose
HIV-infected blood was transfused to a pregnant woman from Virudunagar
district, died at the Government Rajaji Hospital (GRH)”. It happened because
the staff at the hospital’s blood bank failed to identify the HIV and Hepatitis B
infections in his blood. It is a must to understand the viruses, bacteria, and
parasites so that everyone can take care and stay healthy forever. In this
article, we will understand each point in very simple terminology.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<o:p><span style="font-size: large;">
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0cm;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%;">What is a virus?</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></h3>
<o:p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">In science, we studied that viruses are not visible to human eyes
and the microscope is used to see the viruses. The viruses have no cells and
they depend upon host cells to survive. Till the time, host cells are not in
touch with the viruses, they stay inactive and after the contact of host living
cells, they become active and start to reproduce themselves.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<o:p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Whenever a disease that is spread by viruses is diagnosed, the
first thing, the doctor recommends i.e. clinical test to check whether there is
an infection by a certain virus or not. Various types of fevers are diagnosed
by checking the presence of viruses. Other diseases like smallpox, polio, NIV,
HIV, etc.; are originated from certain types of viruses. It is a must to understand
how to stay far from such infections.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<o:p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0cm;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%;">How does a virus infect?</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></h3>
<o:p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Due to life without cells, a virus in itself cannot be considered
a living thing. A virus cannot multiply and reproduce until having contact or
touch with a living thing. For example, a virus identified in pig farmers in
1999, later it is found that it had been originated from pigs affected with
mild disease. Out of 300 people, 100 died due to such infection. The
investigation found that the pigs were affected by Nipah Virus (NIV).
Similarly, other viruses, infect humans through transmission from animals or
other living things.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<o:p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Later on, it is found that the pigs in the case of NiV were the
intermediate host to carry the virus and the origin of the NIV was infected
fruit-bats. The NIV infection can be prevented only by staying far from the
infected living things. The farmers died due to infection from the sick pigs.
The pigs were the intermediate hosts and the fruit bats were the natural hosts
of the NIV.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<o:p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0cm;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: large; line-height: 200%;">Nipah Virus (NiV) in Kerala, India:</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></h3>
<o:p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Recently, in 2018, three persons died due to infection of NiV in
Kerala. In this case, the persons have taken water from a wall in which a
fruit-bat died. The water was contaminated due to sick fruit bat affected
by NIV. The virus could affect more people but it was controlled.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<o:p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">In the case of NiV infection, fever and vomiting with nausea are
usually noticed in a patient. The first thing to prevent the virus from being
spread is adopting healthcare precautions including avoiding the touch or
contact of NiV affected persons, wearing masks and gloves, etc. As per the report
of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Nipah Virus is emerging as a new
epidemic and it is a must to understand this new virus and stay protected. The
natural host for NiV is fruit-bats.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<o:p>
</o:p></o:p></o:p></o:p></o:p></o:p></o:p></o:p></o:p></span></o:p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4W70erIih2GMSk9347BnBLu0EV8S0Slm27SpxCa3EIxCoBJ7UtAkzxbEyWYscthOaWhbs9KVryj0-ELpKM69DH__P9APrbDTbAEaUPToqH-_UQCH13sVs_BuEJxV1-UZiPI3n_E55iAs/s1613/IMG_20210906_165117.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="Nipah Virus in Kerala" border="0" data-original-height="1613" data-original-width="1053" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4W70erIih2GMSk9347BnBLu0EV8S0Slm27SpxCa3EIxCoBJ7UtAkzxbEyWYscthOaWhbs9KVryj0-ELpKM69DH__P9APrbDTbAEaUPToqH-_UQCH13sVs_BuEJxV1-UZiPI3n_E55iAs/w261-h400/IMG_20210906_165117.jpg" title="Nipah Virus in Kerala" width="261" /></span></a></span></div></div><h3 style="line-height: 37.44px; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">Why natural hosts do not die from infection?<o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">For most of the viruses, there are natural hosts who carry the viruses. For example, in the case of NiV, the fruit bats are natural hosts. In the case of HIV, the natural host is Gorilla. It is interesting to know the origin of HIV; which is the main cause of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In 1981, HIV-1 was identified in wild-living chimpanzees and gorillas in west Africa. Even today, HIV infection is common in the people of West Africa. The people having contact with chimpanzees in Africa suffered from this virus and then the virus is spread further to other people.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 37.44px; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">Hepatitis Virus:<o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">There are five types of Hepatitis Viruses i.e. A, B, C, D, and E. The Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through the oral route and Hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through the blood or semen of the infected person. The Hepatitis E virus is transmitted from the dirty water supply, which is contaminated.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 37.44px; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">What is Zoonosis?<o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;"> The virus and bacteria are transmitted through contact with infected humans and animals. The disease which is suffered from such infections of viruses is known as Zoonosis.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 37.44px; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">Bacteria and Parasite:<o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">Like viruses, bacteria are also seen only by using a microscope. These are formed of a single cell. However, the bacteria may also be beneficial and help in improving digestion. The parasite is multi-cell bacteria and they are dependent upon the natural host for their survival. The tapeworms, protozoa are examples of parasites. Bacteria and Parasites both negatively impact the host cells and spread their infection. The diseases like cholera, smallpox are spread with the help of parasites.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 37.44px; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">Ways of transmission of viral diseases:<o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">There are three ways i.e. through viruses, through bacteria, and through parasites.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 1.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">(i) Transmission through virus:</span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">In the case of diseases transmitted through viruses, the virus can sustain inactive for a long term and be activated whenever they gain contact with a living organism generally animals and birds. Thereafter, they became activated and transmitted diseases such as HIV, NiV, etc. These diseases are sometimes very dangerous and incurable. With fast transmission from human to human, the disease took the form of an epidemic. The best way to prevent such diseases is to avoid touch and physical contact with animals, birds, and other human beings. It is also a must to be pure vegetarian and eat fresh fruit and vegetables only.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 32px; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">(ii) Transmission through Bacteria:</span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">The bacteria are found everywhere and sometimes beneficial and sometimes harmful. The bacteria also transmit diseases and they can also be originated inside the body. For example, various types of T.B. is originated from bacteria and are also transmitted through bacteria. The plague is also transmitted through bacteria carried by the mice.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 32px; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">(iii) Transmission through parasite:</span></h3><div style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;">The parasite cannot survive without the support of host living organisms and the host living organisms transmit the parasite from one to another. The worms inside the human body depend upon the food taken by the person and affect negatively by decreasing the immunity power. Such worms are parasites which are originated due to many reasons including intake of low-quality food. Similarly, the nits and lice usually stay on the scalp of the head and do not drift out of hair. They took blood from the human body and in case, they are taken from the head and thrown away, cannot survive for more time. They are also a parasite, negatively affects the human body. Ringworms, bedbugs, pinworms, etc. are the types of parasites.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Value of Good Health during Pandemic</span></span></b></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">Every one of us realized the value of
good health during the pandemic of Covid-19. The eating of junk food and
drinking of cold refrigerator water automatically stopped in the homes, cafes,
and hotels. The inhaling of steam and drinking hot water, improved the health of
people to fight the Covid-19 virus. Each item is selected carefully in the
food so that the immunity boosts further.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Value of positive thoughts during
Pandemic</span></span></b></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;"> Not only the Government, even the
personalities, film stars, news channels, etc. started to share video clips
to stay positive and how can we fight the virus by keeping hands clean and
wearing masks. The Yoga and Meditation exercises were adopted suddenly by most of
the people who were not believing in such practices. The positive thoughts on
social media platforms, infuse energy to fight the pandemic.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Resilience</span></b></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">The schools and colleges were closed
during the pandemic period, an entire lockdown was announced in India and each person
followed the advisories. Instead of too many constraints in living smooth life,
everyone compromised with the free lifestyle. Even most people come
ahead with creative solutions to overcome the difficulties of life. Students
started to learn online and schools also adopted a pattern to teach online
which was never thought of a few years back. The examinations are conducted in the online form without physical proximity and the students made full cooperation
in it. The technology uses improved to a great extent and Zoom application
offered free of cost. Instead of too many cases of covid-19 positive in nearby
locations, everyone stayed firm to remain positive.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Appreciation to people doing welfare
activities</span></span></b></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;">During pandemic times, the people who
were involved in welfare activities to prevent Covid-19 were called Corona
Warriors and appreciated by each citizen, government, and even expressed with
words thanking on the social media platforms. The first time, when the Covid-19
outbreak happened nobody was aware of how dangerous it is. But everyone kept
working to fight its symptoms and also help others to follow the
guidelines of the Government. The cleaning of homes, especially cooking vegetables,
sweeping of roads, picking up garbage, almost everything becomes fast in a way
to restrict Covid-19 to impact upon more lives. Everyone became conscious to
look after the health and comfort of life.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Rich people realized the value of Poor
people</span></span></b></h3><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">In industrial cities, the laborers
started to leave the cities for saving their life and suddenly the Government
and people of industrial cities tried to stop them to go from there. It is
realized that the poor people who belong to labor categories are the foundation on
which the economic prosperity and quality of life depend. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Life is full of happiness and sorrows, the more we learn to tolerate the both, maturity comes in the actions. It's must to learn lessons from the viruses as well.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b></p><h3 style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 48px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 48px;"></span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">This content was<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 1st November 2021 and last updated on 1st November 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div></div></span></div></h3><h3 style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"></div></div></span></div></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 48px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></div></h3>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-48929325486989279252021-11-03T23:57:00.004-07:002022-01-28T07:42:21.736-08:00 Tricks for Improving IT Skills<h2 style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Tricks for Improving IT Skills</span></b></h2><div style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Learning is always good to attain success. Let's learn and practice new tricks to improve computer skills. Kindly share it to the maximum for the benefit of all:</span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpHArtet2c8_-agRUsvxcp7G0nPPx5uVVuylcTgpftp8xIe1ZEy1_EoShXjh_k-cIUG5ICe2wXD3S3PWbEvajJ0E-GqtZ9ZBdEMKzMscYKHM9QG2FQIwTY-dXfM4pUnoDsZP472G79J4/s1600/1610329475934866-0.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpHArtet2c8_-agRUsvxcp7G0nPPx5uVVuylcTgpftp8xIe1ZEy1_EoShXjh_k-cIUG5ICe2wXD3S3PWbEvajJ0E-GqtZ9ZBdEMKzMscYKHM9QG2FQIwTY-dXfM4pUnoDsZP472G79J4/s1600/1610329475934866-0.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /></span></div><h3><span style="font-size: large;">*Setting of a Secure Password in eMail Management*</span></h3><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It's well known that hackers are active on the internet on most web pages. In order to safeguard your emails from hackers, you are supposed to set a password and keep it changed from time to time. Remember to adopt the following:</span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><h4><span style="font-size: large;">1. Setup A Longer Password</span></h4><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Make sure to create a password that's no shorter than 15 Characters<br /></span></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. Don’t Use Dictionary Words in Password</span></h4><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Don't use passwords with common words. Those are easily cracked by cracking software. Examples: '123456', 'password123', etc.</span></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">3. Mix the alphabets, numbers, and symbols</span></h4><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">If you want to create a strong password then mix it up. For example : LalitKumar => L@liTkUm1R</span></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">4. Don’t Use Same Passwords For Different Accounts</span></h4><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Most of us generally set the same password for new accounts we create on the web pages. Never do it. The password for each social media platform should be different and strong. And even change the passwords from time to time by adding or removing the alphabets numbers and symbols. <br /></span></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">5. Using Two-Factor Authentication</span></h4><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Use two-step authentication for everything you use in order to defend yourself from hackers because it will enable the OTPs to receive on your mobile number and without confirmation, the email will not be opened.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Unsubscribe the sender</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Most of the time, the inbox remains full just because we have
subscribed to any newsletter in past. Now it is not required and that is why we
don’t read it and the inbox is full with the unread emails of the sender. Generally,
it is required to find out the unsubscribe link button at the bottom of the
email and after clicking it, the link makes us go to the webpage and then
unsubscribe the sender. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">But Gmail has a unique feature by which we can unsubscribe by
clicking the unsubscribe link button which is available on the right side of
the sender. Look at the following image:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHEhyaDNB4aocUSBswBQv2PAjRqiGgntiMHWsABfyWIgGkDpTw-0q9zkqII6qACDipNkEjpeyiDxXoTAXP46DsvlO8-aldBZ_wksYQ_Eu1Lkeam9Atq6F8yPScNVq1uKQx-QgWdN5TCfA/s957/Tricks+in+IT_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Tricks in IT_1" border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="957" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHEhyaDNB4aocUSBswBQv2PAjRqiGgntiMHWsABfyWIgGkDpTw-0q9zkqII6qACDipNkEjpeyiDxXoTAXP46DsvlO8-aldBZ_wksYQ_Eu1Lkeam9Atq6F8yPScNVq1uKQx-QgWdN5TCfA/w400-h225/Tricks+in+IT_1.jpg" title="Tricks in IT_1" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">In this email, theSkimm is a sender, sending updates from time to
time. Now if we press the ‘unsubscribe link’ provided on the right side of the email
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unsubscribed and no future email will appear in the inbox. <o:p></o:p></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 32px;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 32px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 48px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 48px;"></span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">This content was<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 1st November 2021 and last updated on 1st November 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div></div></span></div></h3><h3 style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 32px;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"></div></div></span></div></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 32px;"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></div></h3></span></div>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-87976396571012366292021-10-31T23:26:00.005-07:002021-11-02T20:34:57.053-07:00Rising Prices of Petroleum Products<h2 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="OLE_LINK22"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;">Rising Prices of Petroleum Products, what can a common man do?</span></b></a></span></h2><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAfwATQOi_PdBETS-vEt6vh32OS7seNEHxvkJSs_fVheJ43U4L13Z5-OchnV5hpL4rGWYzr59RammSvyS3EHn5ho-lO-sXXuNawI-vO76ReP9BOmBugwcnogsF2wCr_D17ChQ0mQ8vz5A/s1748/Rising+Prices+of+Petrol+-+What+can+a+Common+Man+Do.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Rising Prices of Petroleum Products" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAfwATQOi_PdBETS-vEt6vh32OS7seNEHxvkJSs_fVheJ43U4L13Z5-OchnV5hpL4rGWYzr59RammSvyS3EHn5ho-lO-sXXuNawI-vO76ReP9BOmBugwcnogsF2wCr_D17ChQ0mQ8vz5A/w400-h284/Rising+Prices+of+Petrol+-+What+can+a+Common+Man+Do.jpg" title="Rising Prices of Petroleum Products" width="400" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">India meets its energy requirements
by importing crude oil and the rise in the global prices of crude oil directly
affects the prices of petroleum products in India. The Oil Marketing Companies
have been allowed to revise the rates of petroleum products keeping in view the
global prices of crude oil. During the lockdown period of the year 2019, the crude
oil price went down from $66 to $19 per barrel. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">The portal of mypetrolprice.com clearly plot the
prices of Petrol and Diesel during the last 6 months as under:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAuhAiXCCcPRlRFojZkGT8NlNoJhfqbf1guWqZqMEmxE5R-RW212DWb1ZVhl-fOj_QfY3dBSt7waDjsDSG-4QajAxSkgLgAsJdQzsZJlan2cimtMGQugO-hrLpOzzJuzA7PXXLFTAwvPI/s558/Petrol+Prices.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="Rising Petrol Prices" border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="558" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAuhAiXCCcPRlRFojZkGT8NlNoJhfqbf1guWqZqMEmxE5R-RW212DWb1ZVhl-fOj_QfY3dBSt7waDjsDSG-4QajAxSkgLgAsJdQzsZJlan2cimtMGQugO-hrLpOzzJuzA7PXXLFTAwvPI/w400-h300/Petrol+Prices.jpg" title="Rising Petrol Prices" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large; text-align: left;"> Source – Portal of
mypetrolprice.com (retrieved on 20</span><sup style="text-align: left;">th</sup><span style="font-size: large; text-align: left;"> October 2021)</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The price of petrol and diesel
increased to Rs. 105.84 and Rs. 94 consequently. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Impact of Rupee Dollar Exchange Rate on Prices of Petroleum Products</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Oil Marketing Companies procure
the crude oil by making payments in Dollars while the sale of petroleum
products is realized from Indian consumers in Rupee. In case, the value of the rupee
falls the amount of sales consideration is also reduced due to the impact of the rupee-dollar exchange rate. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Global Demand of Crude Oil</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">During Covid-19 in the year 2019, the
crude oil price went down from $66 to $19 per barrel due to lockdown and lack
of demand globally. The Organization of Petroleum Export Countries (OPEC) and
Russia agreed to cut the production of crude oil. The demand is rising but the supply of crude is not
increasing, therefore, the price of crude is continuously increasing. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">How Indian economy is affected by the high prices of petroleum products?</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">India is one of the largest crude oil-importing countries and the rising prices of crude oil adversely affect the whole
economy particularly Agriculture, Transportation, Industrial Production,
and Rate of Inflation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The cost of transportation of goods
increases and the prices of commodities also increase. The crude oil is
purchased in Dollars and it also reduces the value of the rupee in terms of the dollar.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">What can a common man do?</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The highest power of a consumer is,
to refuse to buy. But in the case of petrol and diesel, it is not possible to
refuse to buy these products because the consumers are required to meet the
requirements of their vehicles to travel for various essential needs. Instead
of that, the common man can decide various things to reduce the adverse impact
of rising prices of petroleum prices.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">a. Using walk and adopting Electrical Vehicles and Bi-cycles<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">It has become a common habit of people
to visit locally in the city using personal vehicles. With the rise in prices of
petroleum products, the people feeling the heat of rising prices should adopt
walking nearby places than approaching with the help of personal vehicles. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Reduction in visits to the market</b></span></span></h4><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Frequent visits to the market can be
planned in a way that only one visit sorts out all purposes. Plan your trip so
that you don’t necessarily have to make further trips each day. It will save
you a lot of money compared to hopping from place to place unnecessarily. Just
keep the idea in mind when making your plans, and keep your transportation to a
minimum. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case, it is not possible to cover
the distances by walking on foot, prefer to use electric vehicles or
bi-cycles instead of vehicles using petrol and diesel. When you replace
4-wheeler with 2-wheeler, the cost of transportation is reduced to a great extent.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">b. Giving preference to modes of public transportation<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Try to replace your trips by using
public transportation such as trains and buses. The cost of operating and using a car to cover the distances include fuel, maintenance, parking, etc. In
developed nations, sharing rides between neighbors is common, the carpooling
can reduce the cost of travel. In case, public transportation is used for journeys instead of operating own car, the heat of rising prices of petrol
and diesel can be reduced. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">c. Purchase locally grown Vegetables and Fruits<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The transportation cost of vegetables
and fruits can be set off by purchasing locally grown vegetables and fruits
than to purchase imported vegetables and fruits.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">d. Preference for milk and dairy products<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In villages, people depend mostly
upon milk and dairy products for meeting the requirements of their diet. The
locally available milk and dairy products don’t include the cost of
transportation and in case, people prefer to use milk and dairy products, the
heat of rising prices of petrol and diesel will automatically set off.</span></span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 32px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">This content was<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 1st November 2021 and last updated on 1st November 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><h3 style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 32px;"><div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><h2 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोलियम</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बढ़ती</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतें</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">एक</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आम</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आदमी</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">क्या</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कर</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सकता</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span></b></span><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">?</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></h2>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">-</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डॉ</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ललित</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कुमार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सेतिया</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कच्चे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तेल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वैश्विक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वृद्धि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">भारत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोलियम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सीधे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">प्रभावित</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करती</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तेल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">विपणन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कंपनियों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कच्चे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तेल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वैश्विक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ध्यान</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रखते</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हुए</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोलियम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दरों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">संशोधन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अनुमति</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">गई</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वर्ष</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> 2019 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लॉकडाउन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अवधि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दौरान</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कच्चे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तेल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> 66 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डॉलर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">घटकर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> 19 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डॉलर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">प्रति</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बैरल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">गई।<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">mypetrolprice.com </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पोर्टल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पिछले</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> 6 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">महीनों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दौरान</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डीजल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्पष्ट</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रूप</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">निम्नानुसार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दर्शाता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">:<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyMDRN3q1f-OtHzTk3ezg8O8SfGOmLP1z1LfFueTtmyNJLDWLwGCWbxX3g8QbdjT2z-dFpL_U1xS9EClzCcKfreTDyLJu_5dsc73dA6iNW-Ot4Qz-_2uPaN4nH7J12Ia0g9P3-XUeo3qo/s558/Petrol+Prices.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Rising Petrol Prices" border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="558" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyMDRN3q1f-OtHzTk3ezg8O8SfGOmLP1z1LfFueTtmyNJLDWLwGCWbxX3g8QbdjT2z-dFpL_U1xS9EClzCcKfreTDyLJu_5dsc73dA6iNW-Ot4Qz-_2uPaN4nH7J12Ia0g9P3-XUeo3qo/w400-h300/Petrol+Prices.jpg" title="Rising Petrol Prices" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;"> स्रोत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> - mypetrolprice.com </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पोर्टल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सूचना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> 20 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अक्टूबर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> 2021 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">प्राप्त</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">गई</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">थी</span></span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">)</span><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डीजल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बढ़कर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">क्रमशः</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रु.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">105.84 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रु.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">94 </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">गई</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है।</span><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ऐसे में आम आदमी क्या कर सकता है?</span></b></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपभोक्ता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सर्वोच्च</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">शक्ति</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">खरीदने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">इंकार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करना।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लेकिन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डीजल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">मामले</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">इन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">खरीदने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">इंकार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">संभव</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">क्योंकि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपभोक्ताओं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अपनी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आवश्यकताओं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पूरा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लिए</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वाहनों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">भारी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">निर्भरता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है। वाहनों पर निर्भरता कम करने का समय आ गया है. <o:p></o:p></span></p><h3 style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">निम्नलिखित</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">निर्णय</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आम</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आदमी</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">राष्ट्र</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सहायता</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कर</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सकते</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हैं</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%;">:<o:p></o:p></span></b></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">1. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानीय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बाजार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानीय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लिए</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पैदल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">चलने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अधिकतम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपयोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">प्रयास</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करें।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">2. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अगर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आपके</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पास</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">समय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कमी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">साइकिल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">इलेक्ट्रॉनिक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वाहनों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">प्रयोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करें।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">3. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अपने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कार्यों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">योजना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">इस</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तरह</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बनाएं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अधिकांश</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कार्य</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">केवल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">या</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यात्राओं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पूरे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाएं।<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">4. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">किसी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">मामले</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यदि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वाहनों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपयोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वास्तव</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आवश्यक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सार्वजनिक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">परिवहन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वरीयता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दें।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">5. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दुपहिया</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वाहन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यात्राएं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सकती</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हैं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उन्हें</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कभी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">चौपहिया</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वाहन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करना।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यह</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आपको</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोलियम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बढ़ती</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">प्रभाव</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बचाएगा।<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">6. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सार्वजनिक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">परिवहन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">साधनों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वरीयता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">देना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> - </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सार्वजनिक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">परिवहन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जैसे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ट्रेनों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बसों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपयोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करके</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अपनी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यात्राएँ</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">प्रयास</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करें।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">7. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपयोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करके</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यात्रा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लागत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ईंधन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रखरखाव</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पार्किंग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आदि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">खर्च</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">शामिल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">विकसित</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">देशों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पड़ोसियों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बीच</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कारों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">साझा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">इसे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कारपूलिंग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रूप</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यह</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यात्रा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लागत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सकता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">साझा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">क्यों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करते</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अगर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">मंजिल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अलग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">-</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अलग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कारों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">साथ</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रहे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हैं।<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">8. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानीय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रूप</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उगाई</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">गई</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सब्जियां</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">फल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">खरीदें</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> - </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">यदि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानीय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सब्जियां</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">खरीदना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">शुरू</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">देंगे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानीय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">किसान</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अधिक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">खुश</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">होंगे</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सब्जियों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लागत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">होगी।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लागत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">होगी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सब्जियों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दाम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अपने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आप</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाएंगे।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आज</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सब्जियों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">फलों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतें</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अधिक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हैं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">क्योंकि</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उनकी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">परिवहन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लागत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अधिक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आइए</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हम</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जनता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानीय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रूप</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उगाई</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वाली</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">सब्जियों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">फलों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वरीयता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">देने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लिए</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जागरूक</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करें।<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">9. </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दूध</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डेयरी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दें</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">वरीयता</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> - </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">गांवों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अपने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आहार</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आवश्यकताओं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पूरा</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लिए</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">ज्यादातर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दूध</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डेयरी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">निर्भर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हैं।</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">स्थानीय</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">रूप</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपलब्ध</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दूध</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डेयरी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">परिवहन</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लागत</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">शामिल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">होती</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अगर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">लोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">दूध</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डेयरी</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उत्पादों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">उपयोग</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करना</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पसंद</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">करते</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हैं</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">पेट्रोल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">डीजल</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बढ़ती</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">कीमतों</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">असर</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">अपने</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">आप</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">बंद</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;">जाएगा।</span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 32px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">This content was<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 1st November 2021 and last updated on 1st November 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div></div></span></div></h3><h3 style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles</span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 32px;"><div style="font-weight: 400;"><span><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"></div></div></span></div></h3><h3 style="line-height: 32px;"><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/p/new-articles-study-material-notes.html</a> </span></div></h3></div></div><p></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-65208047098729147002021-10-26T20:36:00.002-07:002021-10-26T20:36:07.484-07:00Positivity Means Self Growth<p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> Positivity Means Self Growth</span></b></p><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</span></span></div><div align="right" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: right;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img alt="Attitude of Successful Person" border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_tfijkcGflxq7ujSPCe5hYFOwWmyMnZAnxg73SKdZZ5gEl0iV0-sn7iteVjUSZVAsP9BpXQ2anst4MInSDDfp5Bmen67DSChyphenhyphen4pGmAo2E0p3mMj3ulZlYWvYUjr4A_eneA7rNGtKu8A/w400-h318/1606529394140151-0.png" title="Attitude of Successful Person" width="400" /></div></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 36px;"><span style="line-height: 36px;">It is fact that successful people have enough time to work for others, their positive mindset is full of enormous energy and thought process capable enough to sort out problems in seconds. <b>From where the positivity comes?</b></span><span style="line-height: 36px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><h3 style="line-height: 42.12px;"><span style="line-height: 42.12px;"><b>Support Others</b></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 36px;"><span style="line-height: 36px;">True Saints guide us to help others, and it is the simplest way to fill our lives with joy and fulfillment. </span><span style="line-height: 36px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 36px;"><span style="line-height: 36px;">Whatever profession you are doing, teacher, doctor, nurse, lawyer, or even housewife or at learning level i.e. student; others may come to you for seeking your support. Consider it a wonderful opportunity and never hesitate to support.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Sometimes analogy makes us learn beautiful lessons. Someone was making adverse remarks upon me and I was never minded. The next day, he felt sorry and come to me for forgiving him. He asked me whether I will forgive him or not?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">What do you say? Should he deserve forgiveness?</span></h3><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">I asked him that I don't know what adverse remarks he had made upon me because I have not taken anything seriously and was even not able to recall the event.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Yes! it is possible but for such peace of mind and mind framing, one requires to be patient forever. Let's understand it:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Suppose a person is holding a cup of coffee in his hand and suddenly another person moves there and collides with him. It shakes his arm and spills the coffee everywhere.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">As there was coffee in the cup and after having an intervention, coffee is spilled. Whatever is in the hands will be spilled.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">If anyone intervenes in your life; whatever response you generate depends upon you and depends on what had been filled by you in your cup. In routine functions, one should not react and one should think carefully before giving his response. Whenever facing critical situations in life; welcome the situations by giving responses in the forms of joy, gratefulness, peace, and humility. Never fill anger, bitterness, harsh words, and bad reactions in your cup, and try to stay positive forever.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">I assure you that when you fill your cups with gratitude, forgiveness, joy, words of affirmation for ourselves; and kindness, gentleness, and love for others then your life becomes full of happiness and others also get benefited.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><br /></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Love and Affection among Family Members:</span></h3><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Every family member has connected in a blood relationship and such a relationship is a long-term bond, can't be broken with the efforts of an outsider. The family members are together whenever any outsider tries to harm anyone of them. But after growing up, why do the family members try to break their relationships? Just for dividing the properties of parents? </span></div><p style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">In childhood, the brothers and sisters play together and the younger children follow the elders. The elders most of them be defeated to spread happiness in younger family members and stay ahead to distribute sweets or to give parties for making the moments memorable. After few years, in the same sense, the younger family members try to spread happiness to elders by sacrificing their money or sweets. Whenever a person surrenders to others, happiness comes to his or her side. But after the age of 30 years, most of the family members start being separated. Why?</span></p><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Source of Happiness</span></h3><p style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Remember the happiness comes in giving things to others not in taking the things. At least, never try to take the things on which there are rights of others. In case, the morality stays in the family members even after the age of 40 or 50 years, such family is like Heaven on the Earth. The elders are respected people and in every family, there should be the obedience of the elders. In the Holy Books of Hindus, the Ramayana states the story in which one brother relinquished his right to another brother and the Mahabharata states the story in which one brother killed another brother for gaining properties. In both cases, the gainer doesn't realize happiness therefore, a person should never try to snatch the rights of others. </span></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">*Copyright © 2018 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 32px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">This content was<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 21st October 2017 and last updated on 26th September 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><h3 style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Next Page - Responsibilities of Head of Accounting Organizations</span></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="line-height: 25.68px;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #1155cc;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/responsibilities-of-head-of-accounting.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/responsibilities-of-head-of-accounting.html</a></span></span></span></span></p><div><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="line-height: 25.68px;"><br /></span></span></span></div></div></div>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-2638712627478356662021-10-24T05:22:00.005-07:002022-12-30T23:47:07.710-08:00Tax Deduction at Source (TDS)<h2 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 27.6px;">Tax Deduction at Source (TDS)</span></b></h2><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 27.6px;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia*</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><p style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">During the discussions with the Drawing and
Disbursing Officers (DDOs), it is observed that the DDOs are always ready to
learn new skills to cope up with the advanced tools of computing an accurate
amount of TDS and submission of the same. They continuously work for containing
corruption by enforcing the financial rules at their workplaces. It is rightly
said, "If you think you are too small an entity to play any role in the
fight against corruption, think of the potential of an atom". </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p>
</p><p style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
DDOs are usually not cooperative with the people doing bad things in their life
and ask to have favored in wrong works including financial irregularities. Sh.
Mahatama Gandhi rightly pointed out, "Non-cooperation with evil is as much
a duty as is co-operation with good". </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><h3><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Tax Deductions at Source:</span></h3></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Every year, the tax deductors face problems in deducting an accurate amount of tax from the income of employees. The employees are expected to submit the documents of income tax savings (deductions or exemptions) to the Drawing and Disbursing Officers (DDOs). There are employees who are fairly computing and deposit the income tax not only on Salaries but also on other incomes, it is expected that all employees report the accurate amounts of other incomes and deductions, they are entitled as per the income tax act. Every employee should be aware of the provisions of the income tax act and its consequences for the concealment of income.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih9szKjP2rIDb9aSupE7ztrv7pnb-msGe6djjjXg_efpE3hOXGg6esfvxJt7SubyrpVd870DqyRs5APbgeTYTpnVK_ko4yMGWTB1jPpMhA3L8vQ9p7IgecliGu1aSNRj4lHoVC_QgLJ6w/s1748/Tax+Deduction+at+Source.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Tax Deduction at Source" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih9szKjP2rIDb9aSupE7ztrv7pnb-msGe6djjjXg_efpE3hOXGg6esfvxJt7SubyrpVd870DqyRs5APbgeTYTpnVK_ko4yMGWTB1jPpMhA3L8vQ9p7IgecliGu1aSNRj4lHoVC_QgLJ6w/w400-h284/Tax+Deduction+at+Source.jpg" title="Tax Deduction at Source" width="400" /></a></div></div><h3 style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><b>Why deduct the TDS of employees on an average basis?</b></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Most of the deductors face practical issues while deducting the TDS of the employees on an average basis. The employees insist to deduct the TDS less than the average amount. As per provisions of the Income Tax Act, it is mandatory to deduct the accurate amount of tax in the proper way on an average basis i.e. equal installment in each month of the year by the employer as Tax Deduction at Source (TDS) under section 192 of Income Tax Act and the same is required to be deposited in each month to the Income Tax Department. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Is it required to have proof of savings to allow deduction of section 80C?</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">This is the duty of an employee to communicate timely to the Drawing and Disbursing Officer (DDO) about the deductions, he wishes to claim during the annual financial year. He can submit in writing the amount he will definitely deposit for claiming deduction of section 80C, saving income tax on it. Each employee should submit proofs of savings, payment of rent (if any), payment of NPS (if any), and other documentary evidence. In case, the proof is not provided and he also has not submitted it in writing, then the Drawing and Disbursing Officer should not entertain deduction under section 80C except for the amount he deducted from the salaries of the employees which are also covered in section 80C such as GPF, GIS, NPS, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Claim for Tax Deductions:</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">In case, such declarations are not made with desired proofs, the employers may deduct the Tax Deduction at Source (TDS) keeping into mind, the incomes of the employees as per accounting records, and the same is shown in Form 16 or Annual Information Statement (AIS). Thereafter, if excess payments in form of TDS are deducted then the employee can claim the deductions or exemptions at his or her level while filing Income Tax Return (ITR) and the refund is processed from Income Tax Department.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><b>What proofs are desired from an employee?</b></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 36px;">T</span><span>he Drawing and Disbursing Officer (DDO) works on behalf of the Income Tax Department and collects the proof for each deduction claimed by the employee.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><h3 style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Documents to claim Deduction of Section 80C:</span></h3></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">In the case of Equity Linked Saving Schemes of Mutual Funds, LIC Premiums, PPF Contribution, NPS contributions, an employee can submit the receipts of such investments or entries of such payments in the bank’s passbook. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">In the case of Tuition Fees, it is required to submit the receipts of schools.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><h3 style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Documents to claim Deduction of Section 24:</span></h3></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">If the loan has been taken to buy a home; then hard copies of all relevant documents will have to be submitted to claim a deduction of Rs. 50000 p.a. (Interest on Loan) till the loan is repaid u/s 24 of Income Tax Act.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><h3 style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">Documents to claim Exemption on HRA:</span></h3></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">To claim relief from Tax on HRA, an employee has to submit PAN of Landlord, however, if the annual rent payment is less than or equal to 1 Lac (i.e. 8333 per month) then it is not required to submit PAN of Landlord. But a copy of the rent agreement or declaration by the landlord along with ownership proof of landlord of rented premises (i.e. house tax receipt or latest electricity bill) has to be provided to the employer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><b>Documents to claim Deduction of Section 80D:</b></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">In case of claiming deduction u/s 80D, it will be required to provide a receipt or digital transaction details to the employer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-size: large; text-align: center;"><br /></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">The employees should prepare the details and provide documentary proofs so that excess tax cannot be deducted from the salaries.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Are you interested in an Online Course related to Income Tax?:</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">1. <a href="https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/income-tax-matters-in-government.html" target="_blank">https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/income-tax-matters-in-government.html</a> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. <a href="https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/computation-of-income-tax-liability.html" target="_blank">https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/computation-of-income-tax-liability.html</a></span></span></p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">*Copyright © 2018 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was firstly published in 2018 and last updated on 19th October 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">More Articles:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/10/shameless-life-feel-guilty.html" target="_blank">https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/10/shameless-life-feel-guilty.html</a> (Why to live shameless life?)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-large;">and</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html" target="_blank">https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html</a> (Parking of funds is irregularity)</span></div>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-49080984033187422592021-10-17T17:51:00.007-07:002022-12-30T23:56:53.291-08:00Income Tax on Gifts<h2 style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Income Tax on Gifts</span></h2><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><h3 style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Are you planning
to gift a relative, to save income tax?</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Yes, it is a good option to save income tax. In India, anyone can
gift to others for saving taxes in his hands. The money given as a gift is not
considered the income of the recipient if he is relative to the person giving the
gift.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">But it is required to remember that such amount will be clubbed in
the taxable income of the person giving the gift as it will not be taxable in
the hands of recipients.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">For example, the taxable income of Mr. A is Rs. 10 Lacs and he
gifted Rs. 2 Lacs to his daughter-in-law or his spouse. Will there
be any tax savings?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;">Since the gift is given to a relative, it will not be taxable in
the hands of the recipient, therefore it will not be clubbed in the income of
Mr. A and his taxable income will remain Rs. 10 Lacs. There will be no tax
implication of giving such a gift in the year in which it is given. But in the
following year, the interest earned on such gifted money will be taxable in the
hands of the recipient and not in the hands of Mr. A.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxCPDEQEpybVGT4qzxGPhWl_2nycPmGdN1yjW5Zs9FGQFfjzVdjqfQF9optVCPCl7HHbm2F2-ir6E5PaB_OLLQgBenUkebrjvXr372zfetW_SOjh2cwj9OOR504xd0BaMuTir9UiZUSvM/s1748/Income+Tax+on+Gifts.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Income Tax on Gifts" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxCPDEQEpybVGT4qzxGPhWl_2nycPmGdN1yjW5Zs9FGQFfjzVdjqfQF9optVCPCl7HHbm2F2-ir6E5PaB_OLLQgBenUkebrjvXr372zfetW_SOjh2cwj9OOR504xd0BaMuTir9UiZUSvM/w400-h284/Income+Tax+on+Gifts.jpg" title="Income Tax on Gifts" width="400" /></a></div><p></p></div><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Never accept Cash
Gift of money above Rs. 2 Lacs</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">The amount up to Rs. 2 Lacs can be accepted as a gift but the amount
above Rs. 2 Lacs in Cash form, cannot be accepted as a gift. If a person accepts
that he received an amount in cash as a gift from someone either relative or
anybody, the income tax department may impose a penalty up to the amount received
as a gift. </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</h3><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Income tax on gifts received from persons other than relatives</span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The relatives can give gifts without any limit however the gift
should be given either using cheque or electronic fund transfer and cash gifts
should be avoided. </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">But in case, gifts are given or received for other than relatives,
then how to treat in the income tax return? Whether it is an income of the recipient
or not?</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">A person who receives gifts of an amount up to Rs. fifty
thousand is not taxable in his hands but if the amount becomes more than Rs.
fifty thousand then the whole amount of gift will be taxable and included in income
from other sources as per Section 56(2) (x) of the income tax act. </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">For example, Mr. A received gifts from nonrelatives, Mr. B and Mr.
C and the amount is Rs. 45000 then it will not be included in the taxable
income however if the amount of gift is above Rs. 50000, then it will be
included in the taxable income of Mr. A.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">In case, a person is not including the income of gifts in taxable
income in such circumstances, then it will be treated as Tax evasion. </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</h3><h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Who is relative and who is not relative for accepting gifts under the income tax act?</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">While accepting or giving the gift, the tax implications depend upon
the relationship between the tax giver and tax recipient. The relatives cover
mother, father, brother, sister, spouse, brother and sister of parents, brother
and sister of parents in law, brother and sister os spouse, the person who is
lineal ascendant or descendant of person or spouse, and also the spouse of the
relatives mentioned as relative above.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">It is worth mentioning that the person receiving any gift or
giving any gift should maintain a record of it, justifying the source of
money given as a gift to others.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">It is found in many cases, the money which is not accounted as
white money is given as a gift, and the person giving the such gift will be held
responsible for it.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Are you interested in an Online Course related to Income Tax?:</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">1. <a href="https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/income-tax-matters-in-government.html" target="_blank">https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/income-tax-matters-in-government.html</a> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. <a href="https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/computation-of-income-tax-liability.html" target="_blank">https://smartinstituterls.blogspot.com/2022/12/computation-of-income-tax-liability.html</a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><b style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px; mso-themecolor: text1;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </span></b></p><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was firstly published on 18th October 2021, and last updated on 19th October 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Read more content:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html" target="_blank">https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html</a> (Parking of Funds and Personal Ledger Account - PLA)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/08/organizing-unorganized-sectors-of-india.html" target="_blank">https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/08/organizing-unorganized-sectors-of-india.html</a> (Organizing Unorganized Sectors of India).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: center;">उपहारों पर आयकर</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: right;">-डॉ. ललित कुमार सेतिया</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;">क्या आप आयकर बचाने के लिए किसी रिश्तेदार को उपहार देने की योजना बना रहे हैं?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt;">हां, इनकम टैक्स बचाने का यह एक अच्छा विकल्प है। भारत में, कोई भी अपने हाथों में कर बचाने के लिए दूसरों को उपहार दे सकता है। उपहार के रूप में दिए गए धन को प्राप्तकर्ता की आय नहीं माना जाता है यदि उसका उपहार देने वाले व्यक्ति के साथ पारिवारिक संबंध है।</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt;">लेकिन यह याद रखना आवश्यक है कि इस तरह की राशि को उपहार देने वाले व्यक्ति की कर योग्य आय में जोड़ा जाएगा क्योंकि यह प्राप्तकर्ताओं के हाथ में कर योग्य नहीं होगा।</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">रिश्तेदारों के अलावा अन्य व्यक्तियों से प्राप्त उपहारों पर आयकर</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">रिश्तेदार बिना किसी सीमा के उपहार दे सकते हैं हालांकि उपहार चेक या इलेक्ट्रॉनिक फंड ट्रांसफर का उपयोग करके दिया जाना चाहिए और नकद उपहार से बचना चाहिए।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">लेकिन अगर रिश्तेदारों के अलावा किसी और के लिए उपहार दिया या प्राप्त किया जाता है, तो आयकर रिटर्न में कैसे व्यवहार किया जाए? यह प्राप्तकर्ता की आय है या नहीं?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">एक व्यक्ति जो रुपये तक की राशि का उपहार प्राप्त करता है। उसके हाथ में पचास हजार कर योग्य नहीं है लेकिन अगर राशि रुपये से अधिक हो जाती है। पचास हजार तो उपहार की पूरी राशि कर योग्य होगी और आयकर अधिनियम की धारा 56(2) (x) के अनुसार अन्य स्रोतों से आय में शामिल होगी।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">उदाहरण के लिए, मिस्टर ए को गैर-रिश्तेदारों, मिस्टर बी और मिस्टर सी से उपहार मिले और यह राशि रु। 45000 तो इसे कर योग्य आय में शामिल नहीं किया जाएगा, हालांकि यदि उपहार की राशि रुपये से ऊपर है। 50000, तो इसे श्री ए की कर योग्य आय में शामिल किया जाएगा।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">यदि कोई व्यक्ति ऐसी परिस्थितियों में उपहार की आय को कर योग्य आय में शामिल नहीं करता है, तो इसे कर चोरी माना जाएगा।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 24pt;">आयकर अधिनियम के तहत उपहार स्वीकार करने के लिए कौन रिश्तेदार है और कौन रिश्तेदार नहीं है?</h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">उपहार स्वीकार करते या देते समय, कर के निहितार्थ करदाता और कर प्राप्तकर्ता के बीच संबंधों पर निर्भर करते हैं। रिश्तेदार माता, पिता, भाई, बहन, पति या पत्नी, माता-पिता के भाई और बहन, माता-पिता के भाई और बहन, भाई और बहन ओएस पति या पत्नी, जो व्यक्ति या पति या पत्नी के वंशज या वंशज हैं, और पति या पत्नी को भी कवर करते हैं। उपरोक्त रिश्तेदार के रूप में उल्लिखित रिश्तेदारों की।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">यह उल्लेखनीय है कि कोई भी उपहार प्राप्त करने वाले या कोई उपहार देने वाले व्यक्ति को दूसरों को उपहार के रूप में दिए गए धन के स्रोत को सही ठहराते हुए उसका रिकॉर्ड रखना चाहिए।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">कई मामलों में ऐसा पाया जाता है कि जो पैसा सफेद धन के रूप में नहीं गिना जाता है उसे उपहार के रूप में दिया जाता है, ऐसा उपहार देने वाले व्यक्ति को इसके लिए जिम्मेदार माना जाएगा।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> *कॉपीराइट © 2021 डॉ. ललित कुमार। सर्वाधिकार सुरक्षित।</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Read more content:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18.72px; line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html" target="_blank">https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html</a> (Parking of Funds and Personal Ledger Account - PLA)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18.72px; line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/08/organizing-unorganized-sectors-of-india.html" target="_blank">https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/08/organizing-unorganized-sectors-of-india.html</a> (Organizing Unorganized Sectors of India).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18.72px; line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"></span></div></div></div></span></div></div></h3>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-72607437836516817362021-10-13T20:53:00.006-07:002021-10-19T07:35:07.336-07:00 Automation and Using Information Technology<h2 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> <span>Automation and Using Information Technology</span></span></b></h2><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><b>By Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; font-weight: normal; line-height: 36px; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">Information Technology is taking its place in every field of life and Financial Management to improve Governance at workspace requires to be reformed with the help of using Gadgets, Software, and the latest technological tools.</span></h3><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px; mso-themecolor: text1;">I planned and designed a module on “Information Technology in Effective Financial Management and Accounting” on the demand of various government departments and HAFED. It is worth mentioning here that the Drawing and Disbursing Officers in Government Government are supposed <a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2017/09/compliance-of-financial-rules-in.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">to follow Punjab Financial Rules</span></a> strictly to avoid audit objections. In today’s age, it is a must to use information technology in communicating with e-mail, exploring sites or content online, social networking, writing articles and reports, using MS-Excel software, and designing app & web pages for building personal repo around the world. The Government officers are supposed to use information technology in routine official functions. The students of even matriculation are nowadays well versed with the use of information technology and to upgrade the skills of officers, it is a must to learn using IT tools in office and personal life. Financial management comprises budgeting for estimating revenues and expenditures and accounting for keeping records of financial transactions. It is a must to firstly understand the difference between expenses and expenditures. It is also must to know about Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), funding patterns including the use of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and private partners as outsourcing. It is also explained in the class, the difference between outsourcing and PPP.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px; mso-themecolor: text1;">How it helps in improving Governance<o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px; mso-themecolor: text1;">With the change in the governance during the last decade, the head offices of government are framing Result-oriented Framework Document (RFD) to fix the accountability with maximum use of Standardized Operating Procedures (SoPs). The Human Resource Management System (HRMS) is being connected with salary to fix the account directly and Human Resource Accounting (HRA) will be the next step to provide performance-linked pay and ensure full exploitation of resources including human resources. The practical examples of using spreadsheets in estimating revenues, expenditures, and computing economic order quantities made the sessions more interesting. The first day of the course remained totally full of practical examples and exercises. The types of <a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2017/12/basic-concepts-of-financial-accounting.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">accounting</span></a> including cash basis, accrual basis, single-entry book-keeping, and double-entry bookkeeping methods with the procedures to switching from manual to computerized accounting have also been discussed. The sessions on this topic improves the capacity of government officers to prepare the budget estimates using excel spreadsheets and a discussion on types of accounting and <a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2017/12/basic-concepts-of-financial-accounting.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">book-keeping</span></a> made them competent to understand financial functions more effectively. I usually am invited to various esteemed organizations for delivering sessions on these issues.</span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px; mso-themecolor: text1;"><h3 style="line-height: 56.16px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 56.16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Software for improving Management </span></span></b></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 48px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 48px;">Today in the era of technology, automation is everywhere. The time-consuming complex processes are being replaced with automated software-based processes. The chances of manual errors were reduced significantly. It will not be surprising if the procurement through GeM becomes automated in near future on the basis of the level of inventory set as a minimum reserve in the storeroom of a Government office. How to design software to support the management, in Haryana, the modules are prepared and implemented in an amazing way to enhance the efficiencies. A course is designed to inculcate the same skills in Officers/officials so that the time and efforts can be saved and the resources are fully utilized. The departments which are not using software and modules; are suffering from inefficiencies. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 48px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 48px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEO51t9vZZ4lDRRIsStCEW99oW_idoWtilC3Ub-K3Qsmo7h6noTKIXVy2JRKA-P9iCkeT4pRAmlE-wzFE-SPdUx8hw2Q2Tf3xVE-yHNzkNfrw7OMaxCDKUxOuiFm-V3pbVULcmZI45A_I/s1748/Automation+and+Using+Information+Technology.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Automation and using Information Technology" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEO51t9vZZ4lDRRIsStCEW99oW_idoWtilC3Ub-K3Qsmo7h6noTKIXVy2JRKA-P9iCkeT4pRAmlE-wzFE-SPdUx8hw2Q2Tf3xVE-yHNzkNfrw7OMaxCDKUxOuiFm-V3pbVULcmZI45A_I/w400-h284/Automation+and+Using+Information+Technology.jpg" title="Automation and using Information Technology" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 48px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 48px;">During the Covid-19 times, most of the organizations decided to work from home, and innovative ways were incorporated to perform the organizational activities. The software not only streamlines the organizational processes but also makes the employees realize more job satisfaction from their efforts. The employees also learn to manage time more effectively and the use of virtual meetings, virtual training, and software-based outcomes can easily measure their real-time performance. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 48px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 48px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 48px;">It's time to be well managed and utilize the resources more effectively. How to do it, require skills which I inculcate usually in my classes. A new course designed for the Officers / Officials of the Government of Haryana:</span></p></span></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Course on Digitalization of Service Records (HRMS) and Records Management</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">Haryana State Training Policy, 2020 is committed to equipping all functionaries of Government with adequate knowledge and skills, bringing about positive attitudinal changes, and building capacities to enhance performance. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">The main objective of the above course is to build and enhance the capacities of officers to digitalize the service records as per the latest guidelines of the Haryana Government on implementing Human Resource Management System (HRMS) and also to maintain the records properly with weeding out old records as per rules of Government.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 36px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><b>What needs to be computerized in Office?</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">The Accounting, Invoicing and tax compliance-related procedures are already computerized in most of the offices relating to Boards and Corporations of Government. The public sector undertakings (PSUs) are facing competition from the private sector players, need to automate the functions for improving efficiency to a great extent. I have designed courses especially to sharpen the skills in the following areas:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><b>a. Use of Technology to automate compliance of financial rules in managing expenses: </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">It is possible to use Google forms for ensuring a proper system of approvals in each office and for automate purchase orders, prepare invoices, make reimbursement of expenses easily, and also for posting entries or booking expenditures. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><b>b. Reconciliation of accounts to trace embezzlements</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">Tracking expenses is easy but when the number of expenses every day increases to a significant level, it becomes difficult to trace and track any file or case relating to an expense. The cloud-based solutions can easily be used for automatic reconciliation of accounts and giving the red signals to the exceptions for consideration of the executives. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><b>c. Business Applications in Government Offices</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">The Government has adopted a Double Entry System in most of the departments working under the direct control of the Government. The double entry system is also used in business organizations of the private sector. Whatever business applications with automation are used in the private sector, the same business applications can be adopted in Government offices. For example, the private organizations use Customer Relationship Management (CRM), the government organization may design and use Citizen Relationship Management (CRM) with rating each citizen of the state or country. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><b>How to design software for Government organizations:</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">The National Informatics Centre is the primary organization for designing specific software in Government offices. Four things should be taken care of while giving directions to the NIC for designing a specific software i.e. Estimated Expenditure or Budget Availability, No leakage of privacy or security of confidential information, the feature of the software to scale it up for large level applications, and information is stored either on systems of NIC or on clouds. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">It is fact that the use of automation software increases the efficiency in functions but everything cannot be computer-based. </span></span></p></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 36px; mso-themecolor: text1;">*Copyright © 2018 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </span></b></div><div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was firstly published on 8th July 2017, and last updated on 14th October 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Read more content:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/10/about-crypto-currencies-bitcoin.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/10/about-crypto-currencies-bitcoin.html</a> (About the Cryptocurrencies) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/pension-under-employees-provident-fund.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/pension-under-employees-provident-fund.html</a> (Determining pension of a person retiring from EPF) </span></div></div>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-24749757880726253942021-10-10T02:07:00.006-07:002021-10-13T20:42:21.659-07:00 About Crypto-currencies Bitcoin<h2 style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 30.6667px;">All about Crypto-currencies including Bitcoin</span></b></h2><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghfPR2oAI9azv7R4fW29tQImEa6kwzwetPa-hccJpIGZtqYcFKO3m0r6pz4yf7vRL7AmlUUcTj9DWFm6zue22F742_aaZiluBf-Xrbew5Bd-cYqMaR1mcg4zuTxdqDRY-40TCTZN-ftYch/s266/Cryptocurrencies.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Crypto-currencies" border="0" data-original-height="122" data-original-width="266" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghfPR2oAI9azv7R4fW29tQImEa6kwzwetPa-hccJpIGZtqYcFKO3m0r6pz4yf7vRL7AmlUUcTj9DWFm6zue22F742_aaZiluBf-Xrbew5Bd-cYqMaR1mcg4zuTxdqDRY-40TCTZN-ftYch/w320-h147/Cryptocurrencies.JPG" title="Crypto-currencies" width="320" /></a></div></b></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia*</span></b></div><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 36px;">Does holding Crypto-currencies or Bitcoins considered illegal?</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 36px;">In 2009, a virtual currency came into the market known as Bitcoin, the world’s first decentralized currency. Bitcoin isn’t controlled by any government or bank. Even the currency can be transferred without paying taxes or at the lowest cost than other means of transferring money. Another point of consideration, is its volatility, in January 2013, one Bitcoin was valued at around $14, and in November 2013, its value peaked at $1,124. It is well known that good currencies have low volatility, those who are owning unstable currency (Bitcoin) or accepting it as a form of payment are taking a huge risk. Using Bitcoins need e-wallets, exchanges, and payment processors and even these IT-based services are still in question due to increasing cybercrimes. The surge in the price of Bitcoin is due to its illegal use, particularly in the online dark-net marketplace Silk Road.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h4 style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, serif; font-size: large;">Holding of Crypto-currency in India:</span></h4><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">In Feb 2018, then Finance Minister Sh. Arun Jaitely stated that Government will do everything to discontinue the use of Bitcoin (Crypto-currency) in India for funding criminal uses and the Reserved Bank of India (RBI) announced a ban on the sale or purchase of crypto-currency for the entities regulated by RBI. In March 2020, on the petition of the Internet and Mobile Association of India, the Supreme Court passed a verdict to revoke the RBI ban on cryptocurrency trade. </span></span><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now Government of India is exploring to create and launch a digital currency, issued by RBI and banning private Crypto-currencies such as Bitcoin.</span><span style="font-size: 15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><h4 style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The popularity of Bitcoin and Crypto-currencies:</span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 36px;">Bitcoin is private and totally anonymous however its popularity has opened the doors for several other cryptocurrencies like Litecoin, Dogecoin, Peercoin, and Quark coin. These crypto-currencies have no safety mechanisms and the investors or buyers get private keys or random words to protect their wallets. In case the key or random words are lost, the funds are also gone as there is no support to recover or change the password. If the Bitcoins are stolen and there is no authority to approach them. Let's recall the case of Mr. Gox when he went to bankruptcy, no one took care of thousands of people which Bitcoin was stolen (according to them). Even the Japanese government took actions against Karpeles and the company.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 36px;">Even after such happenings, people increasingly prefer to be rich by making investments in Crypto-currencies due to one fact that such currencies are impossible to counterfeit and these currencies network allows money to be secured against theft and loss by using strong mechanisms of backups, encryption, and multiple signatures. As far as the use of crypto-currencies in money laundry is concerned; any currency even if it is not crypto-currency be used in money laundering, considered illegal around the world. In case, Bitcoins are banned in any country, there will be an impact upon businesses and markets of the country. Bitcoin exchanges keep records of each transaction and can be inspected by the authorities in order to check its use in money laundering or other illegal activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 28.08px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 36px;">How new Bitcoins are generated and come into circulation?</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">The Bitcoin networks reward individuals through a competitive and decentralized process known as “mining”. Bitcoin, being a cryptocurrency is a digital unit (encrypted with technology) that has the capacity to be traded and operated independently of any bank. At the initial stage of introducing new bitcoins, it is like initial public offerings of a share in the stock market; known as initial coin offerings. The new Bitcoins are generated at a flat rate and their value is not governed through keeping physical properties like Gold or Silver rather its value is based upon properties of mathematics. Its price is determined by demand and supply. There are experts who are considering it a Ponzi scheme means a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to investors in response to their invested money. Bitcoin is not a scheme, rather it is free software that doesn’t permit making a fraudulent investment. However, early adopters of Bitcoins have been benefited a lot due to the risks they have taken by trusting upon this cryptocurrency. The supply of Bitcoins is limited to 21 million Bitcoins but if the number of transactions is increased, making its demand more; then transactions can take place in sub-units of Bitcoins (i.e. bits, there are ten lac bits in a Bitcoin).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;">The volatility in the price of cryptocurrencies doesn’t affect their benefits in terms of transferring money from one point to another. In crypto-currencies, today Bitcoin is the most popular decentralized currency but it is possible that more virtual currencies took place in the future and are more dominated than Bitcoins and at that time the demand for Bitcoins can also go down, making its price a big downward trend. Even if, the governments start imposing fewer charges on the transfer of money from one point to another, then also the demand for Bitcoins or other cryptocurrencies can be affected and price can come down. </span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 36px;"></span><h3 style="line-height: 21.05pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Whether Investments in Bitcoins are Secure or not?</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">The Bitcoins network is claimed to be the biggest distributed computing project in the world[i] based on protocol and cryptography, with a strong security track record. However, if users’ wallet files that store a private key(s) are deleted accidentally then it is not possible to recover the Bitcoins back. The Bitcoin networks are strong and updated from time to time to avoid the risk of being hacked. With multi-signatures in each transaction, the security can be said stronger than online banking. However, the systems based on cryptography are vulnerable to quantum computing, and to date, quantum computers don’t yet exist. In case quantum computing is possible in the future, the Bitcoin protocol will have to be upgraded to post-quantum algorithms.</span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><p style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 48px;">As per the news of Times of India dated 20</span><sup>th</sup><span style="line-height: 48px;"> March 2018; the police of Delhi received a case relating to the theft of Bitcoins worth 41 Lacs from the e-wallet of a woman. The woman claimed that her wallet account was hacked by an unidentified man. Bitcoins can be hacked only if the account details are disclosed, therefore an investor of Bitcoins should not disclose the email account, passwords associated with the Bitcoins. </span></span></p><div style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 48px;">In Feb 2021, Bitcoin had surged to $39000 and become the world's biggest cryptocurrency. </span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">*Copyright © 2018 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was firstly published in 2018, and last updated on 10th October 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Read more:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">How Income Tax Department is keeping eyes upon Citizens of India - </span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/05/income-tax-department-is-looking-you.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/05/income-tax-department-is-looking-you.html</a> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">and how in Government organization, Utilization Certificates are required to be prepared and submitted: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/01/utilization-certificates-of-grants-and.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/01/utilization-certificates-of-grants-and.html</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; text-align: justify;"><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><span style="font-size: large;"><!--[endif]--><br /></span><div id="edn1"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="line-height: 27.6px;">[i]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span> This information has been retrieved from <a href="https://bitcoin.org/en/faq">https://bitcoin.org/en/faq</a></span><br /></div></div></div>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-88404714810374356322021-10-08T22:45:00.005-07:002021-10-08T23:57:29.297-07:00Admissibility of DA on Tour in Haryana<h2 style="text-align: center;"> <a name="OLE_LINK1" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">Admissibility
of DA on Tour in Haryana</span></b></a></h2><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><a name="OLE_LINK4"></a></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">-Dr.
Lalit Kumar Setia</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">As
per Haryana Civil Service Rules (TA) Rules, 2016, the Dearness Allowance is
admissible to the employees who are spending a day or days away from the
headquarters. The Dearness Allowance is granted for covering the cost of daily
expenses incurred by the employee in consequence of such absence. However, the
place of destination should be at least 20 kilometers away from the headquarter (bus stand to bus stand). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn8gsoz7g6BGNBNTc_IwFRyaIZp09sck_iwKMrYLUpuBpc-mjwARFcvL6vK4ckDdzdgPBXneoke4iZOWz807VmgA7kgCrJL0Xxb002gDjxZRIQG6vZ06YGpuC9EqfEKHGJDKclpUkyH28/s683/Revised+structure+of+TA+Admissibility.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Revised structure of TA Admissibility" border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="683" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn8gsoz7g6BGNBNTc_IwFRyaIZp09sck_iwKMrYLUpuBpc-mjwARFcvL6vK4ckDdzdgPBXneoke4iZOWz807VmgA7kgCrJL0Xxb002gDjxZRIQG6vZ06YGpuC9EqfEKHGJDKclpUkyH28/w400-h320/Revised+structure+of+TA+Admissibility.JPG" title="Revised structure of TA Admissibility" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Grading of employees for admissibility of
DA</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">As
per rule 10 of Haryana Civil Service (TA) Rules, 2016, the employees are
divided into 5 grades on the basis of their grade pay. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Grade V employees</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
Grade V are the employees with the lowest grade pay i.e. between Rs. 1300 to Rs.
2400. Within Haryana and Chandigarh, Rs. 300 per day daily allowance is
admissible to the employees. However, if the tour is outside Haryana and
Chandigarh, then Rs. 400 per day dearness allowance is admissible to cover the
cost of incurred expenses. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The employees drawing pay in level 4 or below, as per Haryana Civil Service Revised Pay rules, 2016 notified on 20th June 2018; are covered in grade V and admissible for DA as stated above. </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Grade IV employees</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
employees with grade pay above Rs. 2400 i.e. from Rs. 2500 to Rs. 4200 are
admissible for Dearness Allowance Rs. 400 per day for a tour within Haryana and
Chandigarh and Rs. 500 per day for tours outside Haryana and Chandigarh. While
calculating the Travelling allowance, such dearness allowance is included in
the TA Bill. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The employees drawing pay in level 5 to level 7, as per Haryana Civil Service Revised Pay rules, 2016 notified on 20th June 2018; are covered in grade IV and admissible for DA as stated above. </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Grade III employees</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
dearness allowance is granted Rs. 500 per day (for a tour within Haryana and
Chandigarh) and Rs. 600 per day (for a tour outside Haryana and Chandigarh) as
stated in the letter number <a href="http://www.finhry.gov.in/FileUploads/writereaddata/Notification%20&%20Order/FR%20Branch/13444.pdf" target="_blank">5/27/98-1FR (FD)</a> dated 20<sup>th</sup> June 2018 notified by Finance Department Haryana,
to the employees with grade pay from Rs. 4600 to 8800. The judges of the junior
division are also covered in this category.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The employees drawing pay in level 8 to level 15, as per Haryana Civil Service Revised Pay rules, 2016 notified on 20th June 2018; are covered in grade III and admissible for DA as stated above. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The officers/officials drawing pay in All India Services Revised Pay Rules and getting pay in level 10 to 13, are admissible for DA applicable to Grade III employees as stated above. </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Grade II Employees in TA Rules</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
judges of the senior division are covered in this category of employees. The employees
with Grade pay from Rs. 8900 to Rs. 9800 are admissible to get Rs. 600 per day
for a tour within Haryana and Chandigarh and Rs. 700 per day for tours outside
Haryana and Chandigarh. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The employees drawing pay in level 16 to level 18, as per Haryana Civil Service Revised Pay rules, 2016 notified on 20th June 2018; are covered in grade II and admissible for DA as stated above. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The officers/officials drawing pay in All India Services Revised Pay Rules and getting pay in level 14, are admissible for DA applicable to Grade II employees as stated above. </span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Grade I Employees </span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
employees with grades pay more than Rs. 9800 i.e. above Rs. 10000 Grade Pay. The
judges at the district level or additional district judges are also covered in this
category. Rs. 700 per day DA is admissible if the tour is within Haryana and
Chandigarh and in case the tour is outside Haryana and Chandigarh, Rs. 800 per
day DA is admissible. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The employees drawing pay in level 19 and above, as per Haryana Civil Service Revised Pay rules, 2016 notified on 20th June 2018; are covered in grade I and admissible for DA as stated above. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The officers/officials drawing pay in All India Services Revised Pay Rules and getting pay in level 15 and above, are admissible for DA applicable to Grade I employees as stated above. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">I
hope it is clear that how much DA is admissible to Haryana Government employees
while on tour. Any queries?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><b>*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 9th October 2021 and last updated on 9th October 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><b>More Articles of Your Interest</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 48px;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/07/compliance-of-206ab-for-ddos.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/07/compliance-of-206ab-for-ddos.html</a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 48px;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2019/08/details-for-e-filing-income-tax-return.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2019/08/details-for-e-filing-income-tax-return.html</a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 48px;"><a href="https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2021/09/web-enabled-online-treasury-information.html" target="_blank">https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2021/09/web-enabled-online-treasury-information.html</a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><br /></span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-53087054596954321682021-10-08T08:55:00.003-07:002021-10-08T08:55:59.814-07:00 Examination on Accounts and Audit Functions<h2 style="text-align: center;"> <a name="OLE_LINK1" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">Examination on Accounts and Audit Functions</span></b></a></h2><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">-Dr.
Lalit Kumar Setia</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
examinations of Accounts Officers, on Financial and Compliance Audit, Methods
and Procedure of Auditing including auditing in Information Technology (IT)
environment are very easy to attempt after going through the material available
on my webpages. The Auditing standards are issued by Comptroller Auditor
General in India, at the international level, these are issued by IFAC and INTOSAI.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgev0QYlQzClJiwb5Fp4Xf655qluUgGP9qJ_w4rE6KnmFLaIFmvSpWYtgwiGE5DUnu4XzcIOvvCaNgs7QjTkxpnVsqdqYh0dbx8TziWfzOYeI9fN5qDAoq-Gx0SA8uqIZvRaBHGnN6Dpic/s1748/Examination+on+Accounts+and+Audit+Functions.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Examination on Accounts and Audit Functions" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgev0QYlQzClJiwb5Fp4Xf655qluUgGP9qJ_w4rE6KnmFLaIFmvSpWYtgwiGE5DUnu4XzcIOvvCaNgs7QjTkxpnVsqdqYh0dbx8TziWfzOYeI9fN5qDAoq-Gx0SA8uqIZvRaBHGnN6Dpic/w400-h284/Examination+on+Accounts+and+Audit+Functions.jpg" title="Examination on Accounts and Audit Functions" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
CPD test and syllabus focuses on the understanding of the Audit function. In
Government, the Accounts Officer is Head of an office of Accounts responsible
to ensure effective utilization of financial resources and compliance of rules
in the department. The Audit officer is the head of an office of Audit. The
Audit Officer and Accounts Officer, both are inter-related. An accounts officer
performs functions as per financial rules while an audit officer checks and
points out the irregularities while performing financial functions with
recommendations to do the same work better. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">To
know the responsibilities of a Head of Accounts Office, the following article
is a must-read. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/responsibilities-of-head-of-accounting.html<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">From where do the funds/grants come in a
Government office?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Article
267(1) of the constitution establishes Contingency Fund and an officer is
designated as ‘Drawing Officer’ by the Central Government or Head of the
Department; for drawing bills from this fund so that the financial functions may
be discharged as per Government Accounting Rules 1990, Government Account
(Receipt and Payment) Rules, 1983 and the orders or instructions issued latest
in this regard.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">How
Haryana Treasuries are performing financial functions with the help of
allotting Unique Code of Payee. Have a detailed reading of the following – <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/how-does-unique-code-of-payee-work.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/how-does-unique-code-of-payee-work.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">It
is well known that an audit is an examination of accounting records which includes
entries of financial transactions undertaken for performing the official duties
by the officers of an office. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The PC-8 paper of Financial Rules and
Principles of Government Accounts:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">The
Group II examinations for Subordinate Audit/Accounts Services (SAS) are
particularly related to Financial Rules, Principles of Accounting in
Government, Audit function, etc. The examination books are available on the web
portal of CAG and the syllabus is also prescribed by the CAG, the sole
authority entrusted with the responsibility of audit of accounts. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">It
is required to have a detailed understanding of Financial Procedures in
Government, also explained in the following article –<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2018/04/financial-procedures-in-government.html" target="_blank">https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2018/04/financial-procedures-in-government.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Can an Executive Force Audit Officer modify audit findings?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">This
question is generally asked by the participants, Auditors in my class whether
the Audit should be independent or not? It is interesting to clear that an
Auditor General of State and Comptroller Auditor General in Central Government,
is fully independent and there is no power in the hands of executive to direct
the Audit Officers to modify or refrain from carrying out a fair audit, derive
conclusions, and recommend to ensure proper utilization of the financial
resources. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">How
the rules enforce the financial control and how the administration is held responsible
if any irregularity stays for the long term – <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2018/10/accounts-administration-and-prevention.html" target="_blank">https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2018/10/accounts-administration-and-prevention.html</a></span>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Financial Audit<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">To
verify whether the Government Accounts are properly prepared or not, whether
the applicable laws and rules are compliance or not, whether there is a need to
point out excess or shortfall in expenditure or not, and if there are any
irregularities, what should be an action plan for sorting out the issues and
timely completion and monitoring of the financial statements? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">How
to ensure effective financial administration – <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2018/10/effective-financial-administration.html" target="_blank">https://managerialadministration.blogspot.com/2018/10/effective-financial-administration.html</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;"><b>*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 48px;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 8th October 2021 and last updated on 8th October 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-75564599337529822952021-09-28T08:46:00.003-07:002021-10-05T09:20:03.191-07:00 Payments in Government e-Marketplace (GeM)<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <b>Payments
in Government e-Marketplace (GeM)</b></span></h2>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr.
Lalit Kumar Setia<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
GeM buyers are usually notified in the login that the payments to sellers or
service providers are still payable. Most of the time, I receive queries
regarding practical problems in making payments of GeM purchases. This content,
I hope will help the readers to understand how payments are processed on the GeM
portal.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4ArTY3BD2v4V4pV81JP7qti4B3ZB8pdXK1vYL8rJcX1NqPxsGT_wbT_2srg2SMHkfv4_n0Pzyr3k0F88DH9lWTKcHpVhRuWwfOIwBkxgV7sjY4cytQevXHgm1ZgLWtfsMK0OhLjKsERM/s1748/Payments+in+Government+e-Marketplace+%2528GeM%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Payments in Government e-Marketplace (GeM)" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4ArTY3BD2v4V4pV81JP7qti4B3ZB8pdXK1vYL8rJcX1NqPxsGT_wbT_2srg2SMHkfv4_n0Pzyr3k0F88DH9lWTKcHpVhRuWwfOIwBkxgV7sjY4cytQevXHgm1ZgLWtfsMK0OhLjKsERM/w400-h284/Payments+in+Government+e-Marketplace+%2528GeM%2529.jpg" title="Payments in Government e-Marketplace (GeM)" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Approvals for purchases in GeM</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In
Government, for each purchase, two approvals are generally sought i.e.
Administrative approval and financial approval. GeM also considers both the
approvals in the process at the initial stage of purchases by the Buyer. For getting
financial approval, there is a need to have a budget provision in a specific head
of budget during the financial year in which the purchase is required to be
done. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">e-Signing of Contracts in GeM</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
sellers require a sanction order which is generated by the GeM portal, further, the
supply order is e-signed by the buyer. While making payment of a particular
purchase, the sanction order/supply order is always available to the user ‘payment
authority or DDO’ in the GeM portal. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Payment by DDO/PAO/PA</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">This
is the duty of the primary user to supervise the activities of secondary users as
per the rules of GeM. The Drawing and Disbursing Officer (DDO) or Principal
Accounts Officer (PAO) in GeM, is the secondary user for the organizations, who
opt for connecting PFMS in GeM for payment purposes, generally in the case of
departments. For organizations other than the Government department connected with
PFMS; the paying authority is responsible for making payments.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">What to do if the amount is blocked or not
provided due to Budget restrictions</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In
Government, there are chances or practical problems that the amount is
sanctioned initially but at the time of payment, the specified budget head is
blocked to release the payment. In such circumstances, the participants are
curious to know the optimum solution. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
sellers/service providers are bound with the terms and conditions of the
contract with the buyers. In case, the payment is delayed due to blocking of the budget head, the sellers/service providers expect amendment in the contract to
avoid the loss or cancellation of the contract if required. The GeM portal
automatically provides options to select, for making such decisions in the login
of DDO/PAO/Paying Authority. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Payment using Public Financial Management System (PFMS)</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Within
10 days after generation of CRAC or deemed CRAC; the buyer prepares the ‘payment
advice’ and the GeM portal generates claims for payment. The same is available
when the DDO user login on GeM. The DDO generates the bill and forwards it to
the PAO/PA for payment of the purchase. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Payment Using other modes</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In
Haryana and other state governments, the organizations are not connected with
PFMS. The payments can be made as in cases of purchases without using GeM.
However, if the payment is required to be made using direct payment in the bank
account of the seller/service provider; then the details can be entered in GeM's
online payment method. In cases when the buyer wants to make payment by using
any application such as e-Billing in Haryana; then also the payment can be
made. However, in such cases, it is required to ensure TDS or any other
deduction before making the payment. After making the payment, the details
should be entered in the PAO/PA login of GeM. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">What to do if the bill is returned?</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
PAO/PA is responsible to ensure accurate payment to the seller/service
provider. In case, there are discrepancies in the purchase, the same may be pointed
out by the PAO/PA and the bill is returned (after taking approval of competent
authority) to the DDO (in case of PFMS) or Buyer (in case of organizations not
connected with PFMS). <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Who is responsible for the delay in payment on
GeM?</span></span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
terms and conditions of GeM, states that there should be timely payment of
purchases to the seller/service provider. After generating CRAC, within 10 days
the payment should be made. For fixing the responsibility of delay in the
payment of Buyer or Consignee or DDO or PAO or PA; the time limit of 10 days is
further segregated as under:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Buyer
– 2 Working days<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Concerned
DDO – 1 working day<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Concerned
PAO/PA – 2 working days<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In
case of return of Bill – 1 working day to DDO/Buyer<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Again
concerned PAO/PA – 1 working day. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If
there are still discrepancies – 24 hours to sort out issues at a higher level. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the entire process, a total of 10 calendar days (including holidays). <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If
you still have any queries, then kindly raise your query in the comment box. All the
best!<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </span></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: 48px;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 28th September 2021 and last updated on 28th September 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>More Articles of Your Interest</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/how-does-unique-code-of-payee-work.html">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/how-does-unique-code-of-payee-work.html</a> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/pension-under-employees-provident-fund.html">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/09/pension-under-employees-provident-fund.html</a> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt 0cm 0cm -2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 32px;"><a href="https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html">https://leavesofprogress.blogspot.com/2021/09/parking-of-funds-and-personal-ledger.html</a> </span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-77092258799850470092021-09-25T04:55:00.000-07:002021-09-25T04:55:17.779-07:00 How does Unique Code of Payee work?<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">How does Unique Code of Payee
work?</span></b></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 2.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In Government, it is expected that the payments are made directly
in the bank account of the beneficiaries/payees. This is implemented in
Government to contain corruption. However, there are transactions where the
instructions for making direct payment to the account of beneficiaries/payees
are not being compliant. For example, a few departments are maintaining bank
accounts with the title of ‘Designation’ of Head of Department or Head of
Office and use these bank accounts to transfer money to the beneficiaries/payees.
Firstly, the funds/money are drawn from treasuries and deposited in such bank
accounts and thereafter, it is transferred to the accounts of
beneficiaries/payees with the help of Demand Draft or Cheque or EFT.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQANQcMQTWuLBkp8OI6QLiutEISep-w3JPsHWDm3eCcsi6zuARF1HuzMs5JJrB92h4bprof6NYm7rFswgLx0vHQpe5i1PhbwNd7yQd-GR4cKuHoNsfZcLb0Bwhfmw52O4Cdi55azEJUeY/s1748/How+Does+UCP+work.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="How does the UCP work?" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQANQcMQTWuLBkp8OI6QLiutEISep-w3JPsHWDm3eCcsi6zuARF1HuzMs5JJrB92h4bprof6NYm7rFswgLx0vHQpe5i1PhbwNd7yQd-GR4cKuHoNsfZcLb0Bwhfmw52O4Cdi55azEJUeY/w400-h284/How+Does+UCP+work.jpg" title="How does the UCP work?" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Why it is wrong to maintain Bank Account by Government Offices?</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Let us understand it with the help of an example. Suppose it is
required to make payment to Mr. A by the Government from time to time. The
right way is to transfer the amount directly from the treasury to the account
of Mr. A whenever there is a need to make the payment. But the Head of
Office started a bank account and draws the money from the treasury and keeps
it in the bank account. Whenever it is required to pay an amount to Mr. A, then
it is paid directly with the help of a cheque/demand draft/EFT from the bank
account. Why it is wrong? The Financial Rules of Government restrict for
parking of funds in a bank account even for a small-time duration i.e. the
duration from the day the amount is drawn from the treasury to the day it is
paid to the beneficiary/payee. The accurate method is to form a Unique Code of
Payee (UCP) of the beneficiary/payee which will be used to identify the correct
account to transfer the amount directly from treasury after processing of
payment from DDO to Treasury Officer and from Treasury Officer to Treasury
Bank.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Exceptions, where it is required to maintain Bank Account by Head
of Office</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The Government through Finance Department may consider the
exceptional circumstances where it is required to open and operate a bank
account in the name/designation of an Officer for certain specific
transactions. The detailed proposal may be sent by the office where it is
required to open and operate a bank account with details of circumstances. In
Haryana State, such instructions were issued on 2<sup>nd</sup> December
2011 for the closing of bank accounts that are opened without seeking
permission of the Finance Department Haryana.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Electronic Payment System (EPS)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">For implementing Electronic Payment System (EPS), it is required
that all the beneficiaries/payees have their bank accounts and the details are
communicated to the treasuries so that a Unique Code of Payee (UCP) is issued
to the payee. It is most important to ensure that accurate PAN number and
banking details are entered in each UCP, to safeguard the system from frauds on
part of concealment of income from the income tax department, a UCP without PAN
number may be allotted only in cases where the annual income of the payee is
not made him liable to pay any income tax and provisions of TDS are also not
attracted in payments to the payee. Such declaration should be done by the
Drawing and Disbursing Officer (DDO) before allocating the UCP without
mentioning the PAN number.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Unique Code of Payee (UCP) for containing Corruption</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In January 2012, the Haryana Government ensured proper
implementation of the Electronic Payment System (EPS) and directions issued to
the treasury officers to pass the bills to the extent possible with using EPS
instead of the issue of cheques. However, where the EPS is not possible due to
any fault in the system or other reason, the cheques may be issued.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">For containing corruption, the payees are asked to open a bank
account and provide the details to the Drawing and Disbursing Officer (DDO).
The DDO provides the banking details of the payees for allotment of UCP in the
system. It is the responsibility of the DDO to ensure that correct details of
PAN, PRAN, and GPF numbers are provided by the payee. In October 2011, the
Haryana Government beautifully implemented the UCP in most of its treasuries
and sub treasuries.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Payment of NPS Contribution through EPS</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In July 2012, the Haryana Government decided to transfer the NPS
contribution through EPS instead of the cheque to the trustee bank of NPS. The
NPS ‘Subscriber Contribution Form’ is attached with the NPS bill and a token of
the bill is given in Form Code 14 in Pension Module. The unique code of the
trustee bank is CN0L1O generated in DDO code 0765. After the transfer of the
NPS amount, the treasury officer follow-up the status of the file on the site
of NSDL.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved. </span></b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram. The article was published on 24th September 2021 and last updated on 24th September 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>More Articles of your interest:</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/exemption-on-hra-house-rent-allowance.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/exemption-on-hra-house-rent-allowance.html</a> </b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/responsibilities-of-head-of-accounting.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/responsibilities-of-head-of-accounting.html</a></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-75931411818799251662021-09-24T01:06:00.004-07:002021-09-24T21:03:52.058-07:00 Pension under Employees Provident Fund EPF<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <a name="OLE_LINK35"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;">Pension under Employees Provident
Fund EPF</span></b></a></span></h2>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 2.95pt 0cm 0.0001pt -2.55pt; text-align: right;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK35;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK36;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK37;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK38;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK39;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr.
Lalit Kumar Setia<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK39;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK38;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK37;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK36;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK35;"></span>
</span><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Employees Provident
Fund (EPF) is known as Retirement Fund for the employees associated with EPF.
Every month a portion of the salary of an employee is deducted by the employer
and deposited in his/her UAN (Universal Account Number) allotted by Employees
Provident Fund Organization. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHMnapvbKWmeAEPkCxx2q9g3HXmzdUSZTjlb5gT-QHdLmODEcBVy4ieR2C5aDTfTm-VgNz_Ym_YjScvsDz9EC3xyI2bLBECJLZPSFAANIRIqd5kYjOafN4CRl3aeD2xGOGDvU0dCgVEJE/s1748/Pension+under+Employees+Provident+Fund+EPF.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Pension under Employees Provident Fund EPF" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHMnapvbKWmeAEPkCxx2q9g3HXmzdUSZTjlb5gT-QHdLmODEcBVy4ieR2C5aDTfTm-VgNz_Ym_YjScvsDz9EC3xyI2bLBECJLZPSFAANIRIqd5kYjOafN4CRl3aeD2xGOGDvU0dCgVEJE/w400-h284/Pension+under+Employees+Provident+Fund+EPF.jpg" title="Pension under Employees Provident Fund EPF" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Amount of EPF and EPS</span></span></b></h3>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The amount of Employees
Provident Fund EPF is increased every month with the contribution from salary
of employee (i.e. 12% of the basic salary) and the contribution of employer is
generally equivalent to the employee’s contribution. A portion of employer’s
contribution i.e. 8.33% of the basic salary, is credited to the Employees’
Pension Scheme EPS. Suppose an employee is getting salary of Rs. 10000, then
Rs. 833 will be deposited in his EPS every month by the employer i.e. 8.33% of
the Basic Salary of employee. If salary is Rs. 15000, then Rs. 1250 will be
credited. If salary is above Rs. 15000, then also maximum contribution to the
EPS is up to Rs. 1250 per month. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The maximum amount of
EPS contribution is 8.33% of basic salary (max. Rs. 15000) i.e. Rs. 1250 per
month. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Who receives the Pension under EPS?</span></span></b></h3>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Only the employees
registered in EPF and whose contribution is received for at least 10 years
regularly, are entitled for pension. Generally, the amount of pension is given
at the age of 58, not before that age. However, if an employee fills the form
10D then he can take the pension from the age of 50 years also. In case of
death of an employee whole tenure of service is less than 10 years, then the amount
of pension can be withdrawn in the year, in which the employee be of 58 years’
age. There are four types of pension provided by the EPFO:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">a. Superannuation
Pension: </span></span></h4>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is provided to an
EPFO subscriber at the age of 58. The employee may be in service or may not be
in service, he is entitled for the superannuation pension. He has to fill form
10D for applying the pension.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">b. Reduced Pension:</span></span></h4>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If an employee left the
service, then he can start taking of pension from the age of 50 years. Such
pension is provided as reduced pension. An EPF subscriber who made an active
pension contribution in EPF for 10 years or more; can withdraw early pension if
he or she has attained the age of 50 but is less than 58 years. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The pension amount is
reduced to a rate of 4% per year until the employee reaches the age of 58
years. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Firstly original
pension amount will be calculated and then a percentage (i.e. 4% per year) will
be reduced from the original pension. Suppose an employee decides to take the
reduced pension in the age of 54 years that is 4 years earlier than of 58
years. Then the pension will be reduced by 16%. If original pension is Rs. 5000
then he will be provided Rs. 4200 per month. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">c. Disablement Pension:</span></span></h4>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If an employee becomes
disabled and leave the service due to total or permanent disablement; then he
is provided disablement pension. From the date of disablement, the employee
gets pension paid for lifetime. The member will be required to have a medical
test to ascertain that he/she is not fit for the work that he/she was doing
before getting disabled. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">d. Widow and Children
Pension:</span></span></h4>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If an employee is died
and the spouse and children are provided pension from the EPFO, then it is
known as Widow and Children Pension. Such pension is provided to the spouse of
died employee till the death of spouse or remarriage of the spouse. The minimum
pension is Rs. 1000 per month and the amount of calculated according to Table C
of EPS (i.e. the amount of pension which would have been admissible as if
employee had retired on the date of death).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case, the employees
is decreased then the surviving children receive pension, in addition to the
widow pension. This pension will be applicable till the age of 25 years of the
children, maximum paid to two children. The amount will be 25% of the widow
pension amount. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">e. Orphan Pension:</span></span></h4>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If an employee is died
and there is no surviving spouse. Then his son or daughter becomes orphan. Then
up to the age of 25 years, the son or daughter is entitled for the pension.
Such pension is known as Orphan Pension. It is an amount i.e. 75% of the widow
pension.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">f. Nominee Pension:</span></span></h4>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If an employee has no
spouse and no children and he declares nominee by filling form 2(R) then the
nominee is provided pension.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">g. Dependent Parent
Pension:</span></span></h4>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">If an employee has no
spouse and no children and he also not declared anyone to be nominee; then the
dependent father or mother provided the pension after the death of the
employee. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">d. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Amount of Pension under EPS</span></span></b></h3>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">After retirement the
amount of pension under EPS is minimum Rs. 1000 per month and maximum Rs. 7500
per month. How it is calculated?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The monthly pension is
equal to Salary multiple by years of EPS contribution and divided by 70.
Suppose an employee’s pensionable salary is Rs. 15000 per month during the last
five years of his tenure of service. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The pensionable salary
is average monthly salary received by an employee in last 60 months before
he/she decides to exit the EPS.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Then the monthly
average salary of last five years will be Rs. 15000. If an employee works for
35 years, then his pension will be <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">(15000x35)/70 = Rs.
7500 per month which is maximum pension. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Because the
contribution to EPS is based upon the salary up to Rs. 15000, the pension
cannot exceed Rs. 7500 per month. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">What will happen if upper limit of Rs. 15000 is removed?</span></span></b></h3>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">The limit of Rs. 15000
may be removed and in case, it happens, then the amount of pension will be
increased. For example, if the average salary of last five years is. Rs. 42000
and the employee worked for 30 years, then the pension will be (42000x30)/70
i.e. 18000 per month. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All
rights reserved. </span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned
author and trainer. He completed his Doctorate in Commerce from Kurukshetra
University Kurukshetra and MBA in Information Technology from GJU, Hisar. He
also wrote two books, 15 research papers, and organized more than 200 Training
Courses during his working period since 2006 in Haryana Institute of Public Administration,
Gurugram. The article was published on 24th September 2021 and last updated on 24th
September 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>More Articles of your interest:</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/07/how-person-caught-for-tax-evasion.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/07/how-person-caught-for-tax-evasion.html</a> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/05/income-tax-department-is-looking-you.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/05/income-tax-department-is-looking-you.html</a> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -2.55pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -2.55pt 0cm 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2018/12/payment-and-status-of-income-tax.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2018/12/payment-and-status-of-income-tax.html</a></span></span></p><br /><p></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-70976374246943979742021-09-04T09:30:00.006-07:002022-12-14T16:03:33.831-08:00Beware of Unethical Practices in Government<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Beware of Unethical Practices in Government</span></h2>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">-Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Financial
Rules in each Government whether it is Central Government or State Government;
restrict the Officers of Government from misusing their position for gaining
private gain. How a Government Officer can misuse his/her position? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNc6m4fK5jayfQFsfUAIde_nWpwfOD-UCl88GVeFTkpSND4I9BJi9TIfmdKhsDA8lJE3ADy_csHU0RTSIMBpMWsm5LFVNN9_6DDCb3jcTnrKfnRtHPMpIaT1OaIFlzmquTbYmMoeV_G3Y/s1748/Beware+of+Unethical+Practices+in+Government.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Beware of Unethical Practices in Government" border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1748" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNc6m4fK5jayfQFsfUAIde_nWpwfOD-UCl88GVeFTkpSND4I9BJi9TIfmdKhsDA8lJE3ADy_csHU0RTSIMBpMWsm5LFVNN9_6DDCb3jcTnrKfnRtHPMpIaT1OaIFlzmquTbYmMoeV_G3Y/w400-h284/Beware+of+Unethical+Practices+in+Government.jpg" title="Beware of Unethical Practices in Government" width="400"></a></div><p></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Coercion:</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The influence of
power affects the functions of an officer. When there is any power in the hands
of an officer, everyone who can take benefit from that power, try to make the
officer happy. In case, the Officer is also of a similar nature, then
everyone tries to get their work fulfilled. The Officer may try to misuse his
position to persuade the persons under his/her control, to do something by
using force or threats. The effort to realize something by using force or
threats is coercion. Once, Twice, Thrice, and then it may become a habit or
practice of getting work done forcefully. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is usually
come in the news that a person tried to get something done by using the approach of an
officer. No doubt the persons who are using the powers of officers to get their personal
work done, are also involved in crime. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Endorsing any product or service or
enterprise:</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The independent family members of an officer can indeed do their own business; can
sell goods and services. But the Government Officers are not expected to
endorse any product or service or enterprise of any family member, relative, or
even of an unknown person. Endorsement is considered unethical and unfair in
the financial and administrative rules applicable to the Government Officers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Use of Public Office, Stationary, Official
Assets for Private Gain:</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Government
in most States, notice whether the offices are being used on Sundays,
Holidays for the private gain of the employees or not. The use of public office
including Air Conditioners, other Electrical Appliances, Government Vehicles,
Assets of Government; for any private gain to the employee; is always
considered wrong. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In case, an asset is allotted to an employee for official work, that should be used only
for the same official functions for which they are issued; in case, there is another
official work, the permission for another such work should be taken first. The
use for private gain, if proved, may make the integrity doubtful of that
employee.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Misuse of Official Title:</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Doctors,
Teachers, Engineers, other professionals even IT professionals; cannot use
official title or position in their personal capacities, to promote their
products and services. However, there are a few exceptions to this principle,
the government employee if writing his biographical details anywhere, then he
can mention his official title, in case of writing of articles and research
papers; the Government employee can use his title in connection with an article or a research paper published in a magazine or newspaper or journal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Sanctioning expenditure for own advantage:</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In Haryana, the
Rule 2.10 (4) of Punjab Financial Rules states that a Government employee
cannot use his financial power for himself. “No Authority should exercise its
powers of sanctioning expenditure to an order which will be directly or
indirectly to its own advantage”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Suppose there is
any approval to expenditure which is for own advantage, then the officer is
supposed to get the expenditure approved from an authority empowered to approve
the same expenditure instead of approving the expenditure on his own level. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Here, one point
is important, that if an authority has already issued an order under
which an officer is making an approval or order which is making him benefited,
then such orders can be issued concerning the rules or order of senior
authorities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Misuse of Office Time for Personal Gains:</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">During the
office time, an employee should perform only official functions. No personal
Whatsapp chat, no dissemination of personal messages, no promotion to any
charitable event or causes, no commercial activities including personal
business or share trading, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Even the official time of subordinates and other employees should not be used for
personal gains. “Personal Activities should not be conducted during Duty Hours”.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Prohibition on disclosing official
information without the consent of authorities:</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">On whatever
post, a person is working; it is not desirable to disclose confidentially
official information to someone else without the prior consent of the authorities.
Even the information which is supposed to be provided under ‘Right to
Information Act’; should not be provided without the consent of the authorities.
The authorities have the right to decide whether to give the information or
not. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Disclosing any
contract’s bid may lead to significant loss to the Government, disclosing of
personal information of the employees may lead to criminal’s attacks on their
residence or during the travel of the employees; the personal information
cannot be provided, even the ‘Right to Information Act’ has provisions to
restrict sharing of such information with outsiders.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><b>Adopt right approach in procurement of Goods and Services at Workplaces:</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><font size="4">With Grace of God Almighty, on behalf of HIPA; I organized my 19th workshop in series on 'Online Procurement using Government e-Marketplace GeM portal' on 13th and 14th December, 2022 and delivered sessions with demonstrations solving practical problems of Sub Divisional Officers of UHBVNL Panchkula, Sub Divisional Magistrate Sirsa, Government Colleges and Irrigation and Water Resources Department of Haryana. </font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><font size="4">I am grateful to constantly guide the officers in improving the procurement systems as per the latest instructions and rules. If anyone is interested to participate, just inbox me to know the procedure to get enrolled in such workshops already scheduled in near future. 9416382720 - Dr. Lalit Setia.</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><font size="4"><a href="Https://facebook.com/ffmhipaggn">Https://facebook.com/ffmhipaggn</a> </font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr.
Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">This article is
written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. The article
was published on 4th September, 2021 and last updated on 4<sup>th</sup> September,
2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 24pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Next Articles associated with Governance:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/07/how-person-caught-for-tax-evasion.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/07/how-person-caught-for-tax-evasion.html</a></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">and</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/responsibilities-of-head-of-accounting.html" target="_blank">https://drlalitsetia.blogspot.com/2021/08/responsibilities-of-head-of-accounting.html</a></span></span></p>Mrs. Rashmihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11136490019764706283noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-140908419010174762.post-62954705682666372652021-08-31T20:59:00.010-07:002021-09-03T21:52:06.943-07:00 Uniformity in Accounts of Haryana Government<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> Uniformity
in Accounts of Haryana Government</span></h2><p align="center" class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.5in; text-align: right;"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-size: large;">-By<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Dr.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Lalit<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Kumar</span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.6pt; margin: 6.6pt 0in 0in 11pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u style="text-underline: thick;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">Statement<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Purpose</span></u></i></b><u style="text-underline: thick;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">:</span></u><span style="line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0.15pt 43.75pt 0.0001pt 11pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The uniformity
in accounts is generally ensured by enforcing the Accounting Standards and the purpose is improving financial reporting. In India, the Comptroller and Auditor
General of India (C&AG) constituted Government Accounting Standards
Advisory Board (GASAB) on dated 12th August 2002 and the GASAB is
working as a nodal advisory body to formulate and improve standards of government
accounting, financial reporting, and enhance accountability mechanisms. As per
a document compiled by GASAB entitled, “Primer on Accrual Accounting”,
there should be a transition to an accrual-based system for improving financial
reporting. Government Accounting is primarily concerned with the
recognition, measurement, and reporting of transactions undertaken by
governmental entities and it is quite different in many aspects from business
and commercial accounting. Government financial information is used by a wide
range of stakeholders, all of whom have an interest in the financial health and
management of public resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For improving the quality of the information
on which basis the decisions are usually taken by the Authorities of Public
Sector Organizations, it is desirable to adopt uniform and comparable
accounting practices. The Robust and Uniform Set of Accounting Standards can
bring greater stability in the economic system; enhance the accountability and
efficiency to govern. It can become a basis for evaluating the financial
positions of the organizations easily and support the effective decision
making. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0.15pt 43.75pt 0.0001pt 11pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Accounting is an
effective tool for improving the finance function in Government and there is
need for both uniformity and transparency by following standards, rules,
regulations etc. It is well-known fact that the functions of Government
Organizations by nature are diverse and there are numerous legal and fiscal
constraints under which the financial operations must be conducted. Due
to this limitation, the financial reporting also becomes different and the
particulars of receipts, payments, accounting principles, and financial
statements also differ from one organization to another as per the nature of
the functions. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0.15pt 43.75pt 0.0001pt 11pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">With the help of
uniform accounting, the Administrative Officers, Finance Officers including
Accounts officers not only summarize the financial accounts in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>terms<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>of
income statement<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and balance sheet
but also make decisions with a comparison of the figures with greater
transparency. Arthur Stone Dewing rightly said, “All decisions are financial
decisions.” Critical<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>analysis and
evaluation is used as a base to take effective decisions in organizations and financial management is a yardstick used to judge most of the operations and
projects of an<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>enterprise.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u style="text-underline: thick;">Aims<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Objectives:</u></span></h3>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 6.7pt 44.1pt 0.0001pt 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.55pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">The main objective of this research is to examine and evaluate the benefits
and drawbacks of uniformity in Government Accounts and how it affects the financial<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>management, decisions of the Officers
relating to the financial health of the organizations. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u style="text-underline: thick;">Review<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Literature:</u></span></h3>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 3.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Amyas Morse
(2013) in his report examined how far finance is at the heart of decision-making in government. He emphasized the
importance of effective financial management in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>supporting sound decision making, facilitating accountability,
improving and refining planning,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and
enabling an organization to devise its strategy and manage risks. He explained
how the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>government<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>significant<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>financial<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">
</span>management<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>processes<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>coherent<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -2.85pt;"> </span>simplified<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>reporting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">
</span>at<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>three<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>stages<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>i.e.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>plans,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>estimates,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>expenditures<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>outturns.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">
</span>In<span style="letter-spacing: 3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>research, various strategic challenges for financial management
have been identified including<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>cost
reduction, strategic planning, prioritizing in the allocation of resources,
difficulties in rendering<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>local
public services, and lack of skills associated with effective financial
management. It is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>concluded that the government has succeeded in a number of areas in controlling spending<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>however<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>faces<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>significant<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>challenge<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>redesigning<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>transforming<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>public<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">
</span>services.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-right: 43.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Government of
Haryana (2016) describes the accounts of government companies audited<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>by the Comptroller and Auditor General of
India under the provisions of Section 619 of the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Companies Act. The report detailed the performance audits on the functioning of DCR Thermal<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Power
Plant, Yamunanagar, and RG Thermal Power Plant at Hisar and pointed out an
amount of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>nearly five thousand crores
related to avoidable expenditure, non-compliance of rules, directives,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>procedures.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>There<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>30<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Public<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Sector<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Undertakings<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>(PSUs)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Haryana<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">
</span>including<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>25<span style="letter-spacing: -2.85pt;"> </span>working PSUs and 5 non-working PSUs. The government exercises control over the affairs of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the PSUs through its administrative departments. The State
Legislature monitors the accounting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and
utilization of invested amounts in the PSUs. The total investment in the form of
Capital and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Long-term Loans was Rs.
40,984.19 crores as of 31<sup>st</sup> March 2015. In the report, it is found
that<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the DCR Thermal Power Plant and
RG Thermal Power Plant incurred avoidable expenditure<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>towards penalty imposed by ECL and kept excess inventories than
the normative limit set by<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>HERC.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>There<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>unfruitful<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>expenditure<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Rs<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>6.4<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>crores<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>December<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>2009<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Computerized
Maintenance and Inventory Management System (CMIMS) which had not been<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>operational
till<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>June<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>2015.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0.15pt 43.8pt 0.0001pt 11pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Vishal<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Gupta,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Swanand<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Kulkarni,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">
</span>Naresh<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Khatri<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>(2018)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>explored<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>key
managerial<span style="letter-spacing: -2.85pt;"> </span>challenges faced by the
leaders and managers of public sector organizations. They used an open-ended questionnaire to gathered data from
42 senior managers of PSUs from various industries<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>representing 12 Indian states in different regions of India. On
the basis of in-depth qualitative<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>analyses,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>they<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>tried<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>ground<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>realities<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>Indian<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>Public<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>Sector<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>Undertakings<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>what
they found that there are three key managerial challenges i.e. political interference
and lack of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>autonomy,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>rigid<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>rules,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>HR<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>practices,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>lack<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>employee<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>motivation.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Finally,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>concluded
that there is a dominant role of Indian cultural and political contexts in
influencing the<span style="letter-spacing: -2.85pt;"> </span>experiences<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>of leaders working<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>in public sector organizations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0.05pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">The review of
literature reveals that the decisions of the Government are affected by the level
of uniformity in the accounting of organizations. There are few research
studies in the areas of uniformity of accounting and it needs to relook this
area of research with consistent changes in the accounting systems and new
approaches in Accounting and Finance. The present research will bring useful results
for improving the financial decisions of the Government because the quality of
financial reporting is a factor for fixing the responsibilities of the concerned
Officers/Officials. It will determine the effect of uniformity in enhancing
public finance accountability management. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u style="text-underline: thick;">Research<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Methodology:</u></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">The research is descriptive and data will be collected
firstly from secondary sources, thereafter if required, from the primary
sources using a survey with a pre-determined structured questionnaire. The
primary data will be gathered through the</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: -2.85pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">questionnaire</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">method</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">and</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">also</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">with</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">the</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">help</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">of</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">discussions</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">and</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">interviews</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">covering</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 3pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">both</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">personal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">and</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">telephonic</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">interactions. The targeted population will
be Finance Officers including Chief Accounts Officers, Senior Accounts
Officers, Accounts Officers, Section Offices and Accounting Staff working the
Haryana Government Organizations. Adequate Sample units keeping in view the
constraints of time and cost will be selected using the Simple Random Sampling
method. The data collected from Secondary and Primary sources will be analyzed
using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. </span><span style="text-align: left;">The research is
descriptive and data will be collected firstly from secondary sources, thereafter
if required, from the primary sources using a survey with a pre-determined structured
questionnaire. The primary data will be gathered through</span><span style="letter-spacing: -2.85pt; text-align: left;"> the </span><span style="text-align: left;">questionnaire</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">method</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">also</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">with</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">help</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">discussions</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">interviews</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">covering</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3pt; text-align: left;">
</span><span style="text-align: left;">both</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">personal</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">telephonic</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">interactions. The targeted population will
be Finance Officers including Chief Accounts Officers, Senior Accounts
Officers, Accounts Officers, Section Offices and Accounting Staff working the
Haryana Government Organizations. Adequate Sample units keeping in view the
constraints of time and cost will be selected using the Simple Random Sampling
method. The data collected from Secondary and Primary sources will be analyzed
using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcwk4064ztJukZxfonk209GqajnYJbYRiEDH8x2x5Emhw7MSe87r-0Z1zY35Fho7WiJ1ZU1KigVdVYqFm96B2O_mKXOsZO0ZaCHPN0IZXQrG9FGutkb3VX6KvMtG1sIaqOx-MysAshkBk/s400/Uniformity+in+Government+Accounts.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Uniformity in Accounts" border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="400" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcwk4064ztJukZxfonk209GqajnYJbYRiEDH8x2x5Emhw7MSe87r-0Z1zY35Fho7WiJ1ZU1KigVdVYqFm96B2O_mKXOsZO0ZaCHPN0IZXQrG9FGutkb3VX6KvMtG1sIaqOx-MysAshkBk/w400-h228/Uniformity+in+Government+Accounts.JPG" title="Uniformity in Accounts" width="400" /></a></div></div></span><div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="mso-element: endnote-list;"><!--[if !supportEndnotes]--><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>References/End Notes:</b></span></h3><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="file:///F:/Covid%20Functions/Not%20Updated/Research%20on%20Uniformity%20in%20Accounting/Proposal%20UA.docx#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[i]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> The information of GASAB is retrieved on <a href="http://gasab.gov.in/gasab/about.aspx">http://gasab.gov.in/gasab/about.aspx</a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="file:///F:/Covid%20Functions/Not%20Updated/Research%20on%20Uniformity%20in%20Accounting/Proposal%20UA.docx#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[ii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A document is retrieved from the portal of GASAB i.e. <a href="http://gasab.gov.in/gasab/pdf/Primer.pdf">http://gasab.gov.in/gasab/pdf/Primer.pdf</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="file:///F:/Covid%20Functions/Not%20Updated/Research%20on%20Uniformity%20in%20Accounting/Proposal%20UA.docx#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[iii]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> ICAI
(2017), Government Accounting System in Developed and Developing Countries – A
Comparative Analysis retrieved from <a href="https://cpfga.icai.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Government-Accounting-System-in-Developed-and-Developing-Countries.pdf">https://cpfga.icai.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Government-Accounting-System-in-Developed-and-Developing-Countries.pdf</a></span></p>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="file:///F:/Covid%20Functions/Not%20Updated/Research%20on%20Uniformity%20in%20Accounting/Proposal%20UA.docx#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">[iv]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> This
information is retrieved from the lesson, “Government Financial Operations:
Accounting and Reporting”, retrieved from <a href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/government-financial-operations-accounting-reporting.html">https://study.com/academy/lesson/government-financial-operations-accounting-reporting.html</a></span>
<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; line-height: 25.68px;">*Copyright © 2021 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 25.68px;">This article is written by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia; a renowned author and trainer. The article was published on 1<sup>st</sup> September, 2021 and last updated on 4<sup>th</sup> September, 2021. The writer can be contacted on lalitkumarsetia@gmail.com </span></p>
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